蔡復一與鍾惺、譚元春關係考辨

The Relationship among Cai Fu Yi, Zhong Sing and Tan Yuan Chun

蔡復一是明朝末年福建的重要詩人，他生於明朝屬同安府的浯州，也就是今天的金門，幼年時和父親蔡霽移居到同安（今廈門市）。明清兩朝，金門成進士的士人極多，但正史有傳者則唯有蔡復一，在事功之外，蔡復一最為人熟知的是他的詩文。過去詩學史對蔡復一與竟陵詩派的論述，不盡符合事實，有必要重新檢視。在明、清詩學的論著中，蔡復一向來被認為是湖北竟陵派的追隨者，景從鍾惺和譚元春二人，甚至放棄自己原來的詩風而盡學竟陵。但檢閱蔡復一與鍾、譚二人往來的詩文後，可發現詩文中呈現三人間的關係和前人詩學論著有所出入。但這種成說由來已久，學界至今大都仍承襲舊說，本文因之欲檢視三人間交往及詩文往來情形，試著回復文學史原貌。錢謙益是第一個提到蔡復一詩景從竟陵的人，他在《列朝詩集小傳》中說：閩人有蔡復一字敬夫者，宦遊楚中，召友夏致門下，盡棄所學而學焉。其後朱彞尊也說：「《詩歸》出，而一時紙貴，閩人蔡復一等，既降心以相從，吳人張澤、華淑等，復聞聲而遙應。」清．陳田輯《明詩紀事》則載蔡復一「醉心鍾、譚，摩擬酷肖。」這些說法，都和事實有出入。是以本文詳細論列其與竟陵鍾惺和譚元春詩文往來之始末，以見三人是師友唱和、相投相得，而非文學史家成說的師徒門風傳承。

Cai Fu Yi is one of the important poets of the Ming Dynasty in the Province of Fu-kien. He was born in Kinmen County and moved with his father to the mainland of China. The history of Chinese poetry records him as the follower of Zhong Sing and Tan Yan Chun, but this is not correct. He passed the Chin-shih examination earlier than Zhong and Tan, and was older than them. In addition, He was already serving in the central government in Peking for several years before Zhong passed his Chin-shih examination. Moreover, Tan Yuan Chun was much younger than Cai and admired the latter a great deal. Therefore, it is absurd to determine that Cai was a follower of Zhong and Tan. In this article, I would like to examine the relationship between Zhong and Tan and to clarify that it was Cai who influenced both Zhong and Tan's poetic writing, not the other way around.