昭和作家的「南洋行」──以中島敦與高見順為探討中心

The Southern Experience of Writers in Syowa Era: Take Atsushi Nakajima and Jyun Takami as the Core of Exploration

日本自明治時期開始提倡南進論。在南進論的影響下，日本國內開始將目光的焦點轉移至南方，對南方的關注也逐漸高漲。許多的作家動身前往南方並寫下許多與南方相關的作品；抑或雖未親身體驗南方生活卻也依照想像或虛構的方式以南方為背景來撰寫故事。因此，日本南方文學中的南方樣貌，由於多種因素的影響而呈現出豐富的樣態。高見順（1907-1965）與中島敦（1909-1942），兩人都是在這南方風潮中前往南洋旅行，並寫下南方相關作品的作家。昭和16年，中島敦出發前往當時委任日本統治的帛琉。同年，高見順前往荷蘭屬地印尼旅行。對南方都懷抱著憧憬的二人來說，昭和16年的南洋行都是首次的南洋體驗。擁有許多相似點的兩位作家幾乎在相同時期動身前往南洋旅行，但兩人的作品中所呈現出的南洋樣貌確有很大的差異。本稿將以中島敦與高見順的南洋相關作品為探討中心，比較兩人作品中所呈現的南洋樣態以及作家對南方的看法，藉此探討昭和時代南方文學的樣態。

The Southern Expansion Doctrine has been promoted in Japan since the Meiji Era. Under the influence of the Southern Expansion Doctrine, the domestic Japan started to switch the focus to the South and therefore paid more and more attention to the South. Many writers headed for the South to write works on the South or even if they didn't personally go to the South, the story backgrounds of their works were based on the South. As a result, the images of the South reflected in Japan's South Literature were presented in rich forms due to the various influential factors.Both Jyun Takami and Atsushi Nakajima are the writers who went to the South during this period and constructed the relevant works on the South. In the 16th year of the Showa Era, Nakajima went to Palau which was mandated by Japan by then. In the same year, Takami traveled to the Dutch East Indies. To both of them who fantasized about the South, the trip to the South in that year was the very first Southern experience. Despite the two writers having various similarities and traveling to the South at the same time, the image of the South presented in their respective works varied a lot. This paper will discuss the types of the South Literature in the Showa Era by focusing on the South Literature of the two writers, as well as comparing the different images of the South in their works and the writers' view toward the South.