日語漢文訓讀的重要性及其訓讀法

The Importance of the Pronouncing Chinese Classics in the Japanese Way and the Method in Japanese

日語裡除了現代口語文體與文語文體之外，還有漢文訓讀文體。日語的漢文訓讀文是日語解讀漢文的一種文體，但又不同於原來的漢文，應說是日語，是按照日語文法來解讀漢文的一種日語文語譯文。漢文訓讀文源於奈良。平安時代，迄今欲研究日本的語言乃至歷史、文化、文學等都必須了解此種文體。漢文訓讀有一定的文法規則，它不像古語隨時代而逐漸消失，其文法規則反而隨時代的演進而更臻完備。現代日語不能說是與此種文體完全無關。例如日人經常朗朗上口的「虎穴に入ちずんば、虎児を得ず（不入虎穴焉得虎子）」、「過ぎたるはなほ及ぼざるが如し（過猶不及）」、「備へぁゎば患ひなし（有備無患）」、「覆水盆に返ちず（覆水難收）」等等，這些都引自中國的古典，且都已溶入日本的言語文化中，甚至有些已成為日語中的諺語，因此要深入了解日本人的言語文化，就不能忽視日語漢文訓讀文體。

The Japanese writing style has ”Chinese writing Japanese reading sentence” besides ”Colloquialism sentence of present age” and ”Composition written in literary style” ”Chinese writing Japanese reading sentence” was invented to read Chinese classics, it is different from the original Chinese classics. This is a Japanese written language translated sentence along the Japanese grammar. There is the source of the pronouncing Chinese classics in the Japanese way in the Nara/Heian era. We must understand ”a pronouncing Chinese classics in the Japanese way sentence” by all means to study the Japanese language and history, culture, literature. Pronouncing Chinese classics in the Japanese way has a law. It does not become extinct along the times like an archaic word. On the contrary, with the development of the times, it was completely equipped still more. It cannot be said that the modern Japanese is unrelated to ”a pronouncing Chinese classics in the Japanese way sentence” For example,” Nothing venture, nothing win (虎穴に入ちずんば、虎児を得ず)”, ”Too much spoils, too little is nothing (過ぎたるはなほ及ぼざるが如し)”, ” Providing is preventing. (備へぁゎば患ひなし)”,” It is no use crying over spilt milk (覆水盆仁に返ちず)” are quoatations from Chinese classics, these will be connected with Chinese classics. Besides, these melt into Japanese language culture, and there are a lot of things which have already become the Japanese proverb. Therefore, if we will understand Japanese language culture deeply, we should not ignore pronouncing Chinese classics in the Japanese way.