臺日關係中的「日本文化論」

“The Theory of Japanese Culture” in the Relations between Japan and Taiwan

十九世紀後半至今，因為臺灣與日本之間在外交及政治關係的變遷，臺灣人從被植民者或對等國民的角度，對日本的文化、社會的認知上，產生了極大的變化。從時代劃分而言，臺灣與日本的關係可分為殖民時期（1895－1945）、有邦交時期（1952－1972）、無邦交時期（1972－迄今）等三個時期。本文所謂「日本文化論」的定義是（1）以臺灣人的國家認同為對象，論及日本文化的異與同為範疇，（2）其廣義的解釋涵蓋對日本人的思想、植民行為、生活式樣及外來文化之攝取。而知識份子的國家認同，是指臺灣出身的學者、作家、政治人物，在其專書、論文或隨筆的內容對日本所做的批評與認同。本文從「異化」與「同化」的視野，分析上述三個時期，臺灣知識份子認知「日本文化論」之意涵及變遷關係。同時探討「日本文化的認知變遷與臺日關係之關連性」、臺灣知識份子眼中的「日本文化」，以及在不同時期的變遷中，認知「日本文化」之異同為何？

Since the diplomatic and political situations between Taiwan and Japan become different, great changes have taken place in the understanding and perceptual knowledge of Taiwanese toward Japanese culture and society from the latter half of 19th century till now. The relations between Japan and Taiwan could be divided into three periods: the Japanese Colonial Period (1895-1945), the Period with diplomatic relations (1952-1972), and the Period without diplomatic relations (since 1972). “The Theory of Japanese Culture” in this paper means: 1. narrowly speaking, centering on the national identification of Taiwanese, and focusing our attention on the similarities and differences of Japanese culture, 2. broadly speaking, including Japanese thoughts, colonialism, life style and their absorption of foreign cultures. And the national identification of the intellectuals means the criticism and identification of Taiwanese scholars, writers and political men toward Japan in their books, papers, and essays. This paper examines the implications and developments of the theory of Japanese culture in the eyes of Taiwanese intellectuals, from the standpoints of dissimilation and assimilation. At the same time, we are going to survey the connections between the perceptional changes and the relations of Taiwan and Japan.