你贊成或反對立場對立者的論點？立場對立情境之論點贊否模式(CSAAM)

Do You Agree with the Arguments of Counterpositional Communicators? An Arguments Agreement/ Disagreement Model of a Counterpositional Situation (CSAAM)

本研究提出「立場對立情境之論點贊否模式」（CSAAM），來探討「人們會贊成或反對立場對立者所提出論點」的相關問題。CSAAM認為有兩條路徑會同時影響個體贊成或反對所接收的論點：第一條路徑中，若對立者提出的論點「與個體自身立場一致」或「有道理」，較會引發贊成傾向，反之較會引發反對傾向，而此條路徑屬於較意識層面的處理。第二條路徑中，立場對立訊息會經由反感情緒，引發個體對對立者的反對傾向，而此條路徑屬於較自動化的處理。本研究設計三個實驗來對CSAAM進行檢驗。實驗一以48名高中生為參與者，結果發現立場對立訊息會透過反感情緒引發個體的反對傾向，影響個體對對立者相片的贊否反應。實驗二以48名高中生為參與者，結果發現立場對立訊息的影響會減弱意識處理的影響，支持此種影響屬於較自動化的處理。實驗三以32名高中生為參與者，結果發現論點立場與品質等兩類論點性質均會影響論點贊否反應，且此種影響會與立場對立訊息的自動化影響並存。三個實驗結果大致支持了CSAAM。

This study proposed an Arguments Agreement/ Disagreement Model of a Counterpositional Situation (CSAAM) to clarify whether people would agree with the arguments of counterpositional communicators? The CSAAM argues that when people make agreement/ disagreement judgments about a counterpositional communicator's arguments, the responses would be influenced through two routes simultaneously. The first route is a more conscious process. In this route, when the counterpositional communicator's arguments are propositional or strong, an agreement tendency would be elicited. On the contrary, a disagreement tendency would be elicited. The second route is a more automatic process. In this route, the counterpositional message could directly elicit disagreement tendency through emotional reactance. The CSAAM was tested by 3 experiments. Experiment 1 taking 48 high school students as subjects demonstrated that counterpositional message could elicit reactance and a disagreement tendency, and thus influenced agreement/ disagreement responses on the communicator's photo. Experiment 2 taking 48 high school students as subjects further supported the influence of counterpositional message is a more automatic one by showing the understanding of counterposition per se could attenuate the influence from conscious processing. Experiment 3 taking 32 high school students as subjects showed argument position and quality could influence argument agreement/ disagreement responses, and the influences would co- occur with the automatic influence of counterpositional message. In conclusion, the concepts of CSAAM were generally supported.