以多元評估方式對兩類成癮犯的生心理特質描繪

The Psychophysiological Profiling of Sex-offenders and Substance Abusers by Using Multiple Measurement Approaches

本研究目的在了解成癮循環犯在一般狀態、解決數學問題及遭遇其犯案相關壓力刺激時，其生理反應、認知內涵及特質與非成癮循環犯是否有差異。受試者為兩類成癮循環犯（性加害者及藥毒癮犯，各24人）與非成癮循環犯24人。生理回饋儀檢測所有受試者在基準期、一般壓力期及特殊壓力期時，其心跳速率、膚電反應及末梢指溫是否有所不同；並使用情緒、社會讚許及犯案情境量表及深度訪談來了解成癮循環犯的心理特質。結果顯示：1、生理回饋儀能有效區辨受試者不同時期之生理反應；2、性加害者、毒癮犯、及非成癮循環犯在不同時期，各自有不同之生理反應；3、性加害者對與其犯案相關壓力引發之生理激起狀態有較高的防衛及否認，且對其犯案多認知扭曲；藥毒癮犯傾向承認其對犯案相關壓力之反應與犯案事實，但對再犯控制呈現低自我效能之傾向；4、性加害者有較高的社會讚許傾向，而藥毒癮犯則仍呈現追求刺激、會受毒品誘惑、坦承犯案，甚至在不被發現的情況下會再度犯案等特質。

The purpose of this study was to investigate psychophysiologic responses and cognitive schema of two types of abusers (sexual offenders and substance abusers) under stress. 24 sex-offenders and 24 substance abusers were recruited as the experiment group, and another 24 non-addicted offenders were selected as the control group. All the psychophysiologic responses induced in this study were collected by ProComp InfinitiTM. Moreover, while two types of abusers were under stressful conditions (indicated by their psychophysiologic responses), the data of their cognitive schema was also collected. Therefore, three concrete goals were expected to be achieved: 1. To build up the baselines of psychophysiologic response for two types of abusers under neutral and stressful conditions. 2. To compare and contrast their psychophysiologic response with other non-addicted offenders in the different kinds of stress. 3. To explore and compare the cognitive schema of the two types of abusers while the stressful responses were created and the signals from biofeedback were indicated. The data of this research contained some meaningful clinical implications for this study: 1. The biofeedback equipment (ProComp Infiniti TM) were good indicators to distinguish abusers' psychophysiologic responses under neutral from stressful conditions. 2. Sexual offenders tended to have more hyper psychophysiologic responses when under their offense related stimulus than substance abusers and other types of offenders. Moreover, most sexual offenders expressed much more cognitive distortion in denying their offense and blaming their victims. 3. Substance abuses tended to show higher psychophysiologic responses when under math solving stress; they commonly reported that they were more inclined to elicit their relapse intention when seeing the film about a persons' injection of heroin. More importantly, most substance abusers explicitly indicated that they were not sure whether they would be able to resist the temptation of substances in the future.