平假名短期與長期記憶的圖優效果：為何不存在

Testing Picture Superiority Effects on Short-Term and Long-Term Retentions of Hiragana: Why Are They Absent?

本研究旨在檢驗雙重收錄假說（Paivio, 1971, 1986, 1991; Thompson & Paivio, 1994）對圖優效果的解釋。本研究特別觀察美國大學學生學習日文平假名時，使用圖片與語音的方式記憶平假名的短期與長期的效果。結果並未呈現短期與長期記憶的圖優效果。本文提供可能的解釋，並依此修正雙重收錄假說。

This study tested the validity of the dual coding hypothesis (Paivio, 1971, 1986, 1991; Thompson & Paivio, 1994), which attempts to explain the phenomenon of picture superiority effect in human memory (i.e., pictures are better remembered than words). The study specifically investigated the short-term and long-term effects of picture and sound mnemonics, together or separately, on remembering hiragana (Japanese syllabic scripts) by learners of Japanese as a foreign language at an American university. Results of the study did not show picture superiority effects in aiding learners' short-term or long-term recalls of the symbols. This paper provides explanations for these results, and suggests modifications of the dual coding theory.