處理層次與自我衍生對意識與無意識記憶的不同作用

Different Effects of Level-of-Processing and Self-Generation in Implicit Tests

三個實驗評鑑「處理層次」與「自我衍生」對隱示字幹測驗裡意識與無意識記憶的作用。此兩類記憶以「測驗後分離法」分離。兩類記憶的估計排除「與重複促發無關的再認」與「猜測」兩者的污染。實驗1與3的結果顯示，「處理層次」對整體的字幹填充反應與意識記憶的估計值產生正向的作用，對無意識記憶的估計值則不具作用。此結果組型是由於淺層與深層處理兩者對兩類記憶的估計值均產生重複促發的效果。實驗2與3的結果顯示，「自我衍生」對整體的字幹填充反應不具作用，伴以對意識記憶估計值的正向作用與對無意識記憶估計值的反向作用。此結果組型是由於淺層處理與衍生對意識記憶估計值產生重複促發、淺層處理對無意識記憶估計值產生重複促發以及衍生對無意識記憶估計值產生重複抑制的效果。以上結果以「收錄助益／抑制」理論證釋。

Three experiments were conducted to assess effects of level-of-processing and self-generation on conscious and unconscious components of memory within an implicit test of word-stem completion. The two components of memory were dissociated by a post-test dissociation procedure. Equations for estimating these two components of memory are formulated by excluding recognition memory that is irrelevant to repetition priming and guessing effects from estimates of memory contributing to completion. Results of Experiments 1 and 3 show that level-of-processing produced a positive effect on overall completion associated with a positive effect on the estimate of conscious memory and a null effect on the estimate of unconscious memory. This pattern of results was due to repetition-priming effects on both estimates of conscious and unconscious memories under the two levels of processing. Results of Experiments 2 and 3 show that generation produced a null effect on overall completion, accompanied by a positive effect on the estimate of conscious memory and a reverse effect on the estimate of unconscious memory. This pattern of results was due to a repetition-priming effect on the estimate of conscious memory under each study condition and a repetition-priming effect under the shallow and a repetition-inhibition effect under the generation condition on the estimate of unconscious memory. The present results are discussed with an encoding-facilitation/ inhibition theory.