國際情緒圖片系統在台灣年輕成人的適用性與其分類方式探討

The International Affective Picture System: A Validation Study for Young Adults in Taiwan

國際情緒圖片系統（International Affective Picture System, IAPS）是由美國國家心理衛生院（National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH）的情緒與注意力研究中心所編制的一套標準化情緒刺激圖片系統，本研究的目的在於驗證其在台灣年輕成人的適用性。91位受試者對300張IAPS照片的愉悅度、喚醒度和控制度以李克氏9點量表進行評分；其他38位受試者則在間隔2週的期間先後對相同的照片評分兩次；另外23位受試者則對所有實驗照片依據其照片內容進行分類。結果顯示IAPS在本研究受試者的使用具有良好的內部一致性和可接受的再測信度，此外所有實驗照片的情感空間同樣呈現顯著的二次曲線關係，尤其是本研究所選取的18種照片類別，可以反應IAPS大部分的情感空間。雖然如此，研究也發現台灣年輕成人在正向和負向偏誤較NIMH標準化樣本為大、對部分人物臉孔照片有異族效應、和在愉悅度4至5之間的情感空間缺乏內容主題清楚的照片類別等現象。綜言之，IAPS在台灣年輕成人具有適用性，但建議在實際使用前須對其照片內容所屬類別和在三個情緒向度上的常模重新調整與修訂。

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was developed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), US, to provide a large set of standardized, emotionally evocative, and internationally accessible photographs for research use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility of the IAPS for young adults in Taiwan. Ninety one participants rated 300 pictures selected from the IAPS with 9-point scale of Self-Assessment Manikin in terms of pleasure, arousal, and dominance respectively. Thirty eight participants rated the 300 pictures twice in a two-week interval. Another 23 participants decided on the category of each picture according to its contents. Results showed that the IAPS had good internal consistency and acceptable test-retest reliability. A significant quadratic relationship between pleasure and arousal was obtained for these 300 pictures. Additionally, the eighteen different content categories obtained in this study closely represented the pleasure-arousal dimension affective space. Comparing with the IAPS standardized sample, the results of this study possessed both larger positive bias and negative bias and in-group advantage for some IAPS pictures with human faces, and there was a lack of pictures in any content category in the middle range of the affective space. In conclusion, the IAPS may be used for young Taiwanese adults with local norms and content categories. It is recommended that the IAPS should be validated with their content categories and norm for pictures not used in this study in future.