中文辨識與唸字作業中字音字義促發效果的比較分析

EVALUATING SEMANTIC PRIMING AND HOMOPHONIC PRIMING IN RECOGNITION AND NAMING OF CHINESE CHARACTERS

近來許多有關閱讀行為的研究，試圖探討語音是否在文字辨識歷程中扮演重要的角色。Perfetti等人（1992；1995）提出了「普遍語音原則」，主張各種文字的文字辨識中皆存在語音的自動激發，並且以中文研究為該原則的主要支持證據。本研究採用字彙判斷作業與唸字作業，分別藉由分析促發程序中的音同促發效果與義似促發效果，探討中文文字辨識歷程的樣貌。實驗一使用一般的嘗試內促發程序，在不同的SOA操弄下，探討同音促發與語義促發對高低頻目標字可能產生的影響，結果兩作業在目標字為高頻字時，都沒有穩定的音義促發效果；而當目標字為低頻字時，兩作業皆出現穩定而顯著的義似促發效果，但是音同促發效果則只穩定的出現於唸字作業中。實驗二改採嘗試間促發程序，探討同音促發、語義促發、及形似促發對高低頻目標字可能產生的影響，結果除了額外的發現了形似促發的抑制效果以外，也得到了與實驗一一致的結果。由於實驗一、二在兩作業皆得到了頻率效果以及低頻目標字上的義似促發效果，此時卻沒有字彙判斷作業中穩定的音同促發效果，按照Perfetti等的推論邏輯，這樣的結果並不支持漢字辨識中必然存在語音歷程的說法。

Two experiments were conducted in the present study to reappraise the role of phonological processing in identification of Chinese characters. Experiment 1 adopted a within-trial priming procedure and manipulated the character frequency and stimulus onset asynchrony to evaluate the effects of homophonic priming and semantic priming on recognition and naming of Chinese characters. Results indicated that in neither recognition nor naming, an effect of homophonic priming or semantic priming on processing high-frequency characters could be clearly demonstrated. When the target character was of low frequency. a stable facilitation effect of semantic priming was observed for both recognition and naming, yet a facilitation effect of homophonic priming was reliably found in the naming task only. Experiment 2 adopted a between-trial priming procedure and manipulated the character frequency to evaluate the effects of homophonic priming, semantic priming, and graphic priming on character recognition and naming. The results agreed with those of Experiment 1. Further, an inhibitory effect of graphic priming was found in both tasks. It is noted that no stable homophonic priming facilitation effect was observed in the lexical decision task, despite that the effects of both character frequency and semantic priming on processing low-frequency characters were robust. These results appear not to support an obligatory role of phonological processing in identification of Chinese characters.