邁向華人本士心理學的新紀元：方法、理論及實徵研究成果的重點回顧與分析

Towards an Indigenous Chinese Psychology: A Selective Review of Methodological, Theoretical, and Empirical Accomplishments

自一九七○年中期以來，華人心理學研究本土化的學術運動已有二十多年的歷史。在此一將近四分之一個世紀中，台灣、香港及大陸的心理學者已經在很多課題上發表了為數可觀之本土化研究的論文與書籍。為了增進國內外心理學者對華人本土心理學的瞭解，本文特就方法、理論及實徵研究三方面的成果，從事重點性的回顧與分析，並就華人本土心理學未來發展的前景有所展望。在方法方面，本文談到心理學定義的自由化、心理學研究的本土契合性、及增進本土契合性的方法等問題。在理論方面，論及劉劭的特質論、楊國樞的社會取向論、黃光國的面子與人情論、及黃囇莉的和諧與衝突論。在實徵研究方面，則分就孝道心理、面子行為、緣的心理、社會取向成就動機、組織行為、及心理傳統性與現代性的課題，做了簡要的文獻回顧與分析。此文只能點到為止，要想對更多課題獲得更深入而有系統的瞭解，只好閱讀行將問世的《華人本土心理學》一書。該書分上、下兩冊，共有三十多章，分由台灣、香港及大陸心理學者近二十人分工撰寫。本文傳達了一項訊息：隨著近年來本土化研究策略的不斷推廣，華人社會心理學者從事本土化研究的動力將更為加強。在此趨勢下，採本土化研究取向的心理學者必將探討更多的方法問題，嘗試更多的理論建構，從事更多的實徵研究，以在華人本土心理學的發展歷程中締造更大的成果。

In the last eighteen years, an increasing number of psychologists in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China Mainland have become committed to the development of an indigenous or indigenized Chinese psychology. This paper selectively reviews their major methodological, theoretical, and empirical accomplishments. Chinese indigenous psychologists have tried to liberalize the Americanized individualistic-oriented definition of psychology so as to make it equally applicable to both individualist and collectivist scientific indigenous psychologies; to develop the concept of indigenous compatibility as a criterion for judging whether or not a piece of research is indigenous; and to advance viable ways through which indigenous compatibility can be effectively achieved. Theoretical frameworks advanced by Chinese psychologists include a number of indigenous theories, of which four are reviewed: Shao Liu' s trait theory, K. S. Yang's theory of social orientation, K. K. Hwang' s theory of face and favor, and L. L. Huang's theory of harmony and conflict (disharmony). Empirical achievements by Chinese psychologists span indigenous research on more than thirty topics. Findings on six topics are reviewed: Chinese filial piety, Chinese face behavior, beliefs in yuan (predestined relational affinity), social-oriented achievement motivation, Chinese organizational behavior, and psychological traditionality and modernity.