選擇性注意力形成中不相關刺激的不同促發效果：促發呈現時間與刺激特質的角色

DIFFERENT PRIMING EFFECTS OF IGNORED STIMULUS DURING SELECTIVE ATTENTION: ROLES OF STIMULUS REPRESENTATION TIME AND PROPERTIES

近年來，由於負向促發效果（negative priming，NP）的發現，許多研究者都認為注意力機轉會抑制非注意目標的不相關刺激。本論文利用不重複的刺激材料，以促發呈現時175毫秒和350毫秒兩種刺激呈現時間，重新檢驗注意力機轉對不相關刺激字本身、顏色與其所在位置的促發作用。實驗結果顯示，在175毫秒的刺激呈現時間時，只有位置與顏色單獨重複組呈現出NP效應；350毫秒時，刺激字重複組與完全重複組，反而顯示出正向的促發效果。促發呈現時不同的刺激呈現時間下，不同的刺激特質間所受到的激發效應並不同，在解釋不相關刺激物的促發效應時，應該考慮到不同特質之關係。論文最後除了就幾種相關理論進行討論以外，並提出不相關刺激的促發效應並非單一的原因所引起，而是多種激發現象的整體表象。

Negative priming has recently been demonstrated in tasks requiring selective attention. It has been argued that during selection of target objects, irrelevant distractor objects are inhibited. This article examined whether the priming effects of features of dis tractor objects (character, color, and location) were different by using unrepeated stimulus with two different representation time on the priming display. The shorter representation time (175 msec) resulted in negative priming for both folor and location repetitions, and the longer representation time (350 msec) resulted in positive priming for both character and idenical repetition s. The implications of these results for existing theories of negative priming were discussed.