練習對因果知覺的影響

THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON CAUSAL PERCEPTION

本研究主要探討練習對不同事件的因果知覺的影響。實驗是以A物體移動撞擊B物體，A物體移動的撞擊事件為自然的因果知覺事件，以A物體變色，A物體變完色，B物體移動的變色事件為人為的因果事件。實驗一操弄在不同延宕時間下，練習對兩種事件因果知覺的影響。結果發現：隨著練習次數的增加，受試者對變色事件的因果知覺幾乎都有逐步增強的趨勢，但只有在延宕時間很短時，受試者對於撞擊事件的因果知覺才有隨著練習次數的增加而增加的趨勢。實驗二則進一步檢驗在A、B物體不同的移動速度以及不同的延宕時間條件下，練習對撞擊事件的因果知覺影響。結果發現：撞擊事件的因果知覺在特殊的刺激條件下具有練習的效果，但這種效果受情境影響。本研究就此現象作深入討論。

This research concerns the effects of training on causal perception. The experimental paradigm involves two events: the launching event in which the collision of a moving object(A) with a stationary one(B) was followed by the movement of object B, and the color-change event in which the color change of object A was followed by the movement of object B. Experiment 1 manipulated temporal delay between movement of objects A and B(or color change of object A and movement of object B). Results showed that the rating of causal perception in the color-change event increased with training; whereas in the launching event, the training effect was apparent only under shorter temporal delay(up to 100ms). The training effect on causal perception in launching event was further examined under different ratios of speeds of objects A and B in Experiment 2. Results from Experiment 2 showed training effect similar to that found in Experiment 1 was found only under specific stimulus combinations.