刺激複雜度與呈現方式對心象旋轉之不同階段的影響

EFFECT OF STIMULUS COMPLEXITY AND TYPE OF PRESENTATION ON MENTAL ROTATION STAGES

假如心象旋轉歷程包含了幾個不同的階段，那麼藉由不同的實驗操弄，應能發現各個階段所具有的運作特性。本篇研究的主要目的，是經由操弄刺激的複雜度及作業的型態（同時呈現、分別呈現），藉以觀察對不同的心象旋轉階段所產生的影響。實驗一採用2（呈現方式）×2（方塊空間向度）×2（方塊數目）×2（方塊轉折點）的設計，發現方塊轉折點變項具有顯著效果，推論此變項可界定刺激的複雜度；而方塊空間向度與呈現方式產生交互作用，由同時呈現與分別呈現的時間差異，推論方塊空間向度會對於登錄刺激階段產生影響。實驗二採用2（呈現方式）×2（方塊轉折點）×5（旋轉角度）的設計，發現方塊轉折點仍具有顯著效果；而呈現方式與旋轉角度產生交互作用，由旋轉角度與反應時間作圖所得的斜率，推論呈現方式會對旋轉刺激階段產生影響。實驗的結果顯示心象旋轉不同的階段會受到不同變項的影響，本篇最後根據不同的心象形成假說，探討受試者在旋轉階段所採用不同策略的理論差異；並企圖在國內建立一些基礎資料，以做為發展心象旋轉之空間能力認知成份測量程序的依據。

Two experiments were conducted to explore the characteristic of operation on each stage of mental rotation process, which is supposed to be composed of several stages. Cube pictures were constructed by computer and displayed on screen as stimuli in the experiments. In experiment 1, factors of stimulus complexity (including cube dimensionality ,number of cube cells, and number of reflections), and type of stimulus presentation (simultaneously presented or sequentially presented) were orthogonally manipulated to evaluate their effects on different stages of mental rotation. The results from both presentation conditions suggested that number of reflections could be defined as the complexity of stimulus, and that cube dimensionality could have effects upon encoding stage. In experiment 2, the angle of rotation was further manipulated to consolidate the conclusion from experiment 1 and other previous research in the literature. The slopes in linear trends of RTs along rotation angles were different between types of presentation, indicating that subjects adopted different strategies upon those two different conditions. Some basic data about the characteristic and measurement error for the mechanism of mental rotation were thus firstly established in Taiwan with an attempt to develop a procedure for measuring cognitive components of spatial ability from a view point of information processing approach.