德哈二氏自我瞭解發展模式在台灣社會的驗證

A STUDY ON THE DAMON AND HART'S SELFUNDERSTANDING MODEL IN TAIWANESE CHILDREN

自我概念在預測和解釋行為上的功能以及自我概念的發展性與多方面性，是近年來在研究上頗受重視的問題。惟自我概念的意義及評量方法甚為紛歧。在本研究中，筆者採用Damon與Hart（1988）的「自我瞭解」（self-understanding）模式來界定與評量自我概念。Damon等人將個體對自己的一切想法與態度所形成的概念體系稱之為自我瞭解。本研究並利用Damon等人的「自我瞭解晤談法」來評量受試的自我瞭解之發展趨勢與內容。筆者以幼稚園大班學童、國民小學五年級學童、國民中學二年級和高級職校二年級學生各18人為對象，驗證兒童早期、兒童後期、青年早期、青年後期受試的自我瞭解，結果與Damon等人的自我瞭解模式類似。即各時期的自我瞭解發展有依年齡層而提昇的趨勢，而且從兒童早期開始便已具有身體自我、活動自我、社會自我、心理自我及自主性自我、延續性自我、獨特性自我等七方面自我瞭解。但是不同年齡層受試在各方面的自我瞭解內容有差異。以本研究受試的自我瞭解發展情形和Damon等人的結果做比較，發現本研究青年後期受試自主性自我、獨特性自我、延續性自我的發展均低於Damon等人的受試，而且所描述的內容也有不同。

Self concept has been recognized as an important determinant of human behavior. Recently, the Damon & Hart's Self- Understanding Model emphasized the developmental and multidimentional approach to the investigation of self concept. The purpose of this study was to test Damon & Hart's developmental model of self-understanding. Seventy-two Taiwanese children aged 5 to 16 were given the revised 'self- understanding interview'. The results were: (a)AJJ seven aspects of self identified by Damon & Hart － physical self, active self, social self, psychological self and the self agency, self continuity, self distinctness, were found in early childhood. Furthermore, these aspects of self underwent developmental changes throughout the entire period from early childhood to late adolescence; (b)there were differences among groups of different ages concerning the statements of self-understanding in all seven aspects of self. The results indicate that the Taiwanese subjects in this study have the same developmental model of self-understanding as the subjects in U.S.. And there are differences in the statements of self-understanding between Taiwanese and American subjects.