臺灣行政區劃之沿革與區劃之合理性

he rationality of the division and evolution of Taiwan administrative divisions

地方政府存在的最主要目的是要履行政治、經濟、社會、民生等公共服務的功能，所以行政區域之變更與行政區劃之規劃策略，必須要能適應社會變遷需要之功能與新公共管理思潮之發展，以符合「民主且有效率」之政府運作原則。而面對全球化激烈競爭的自然與社經環境改變，各國無不尋求調整其競爭量能，期望在新時代全球板塊調整之際搶奪先機。其中最令人矚目的，即是競爭實力的展現，除推動政府組織再造外，如從台灣清代、日治時期，到現行的行政區域之變動沿革來看，透過行政區域的劃分整併或合作以提升競爭量能的手段最為明顯。台灣精省及縣市合併改制直轄市後，直轄市、縣市已成為第一級地方自治團體，相對於日本、韓國、以及與台灣無論是人口或面積較接近的一些國家而言，規模已經相當接近，但仍有一些縣市或鄉鎮市行政區域確實過小，如就短程發展目標且較小幅度之變動而言，仍然具有繼續調整之空間。包括1.將新竹縣市合併、嘉義縣市合併、基隆市併入台北市等之重新合併調整；2.將367個鄉鎮市區合併調整為約100個，至於合併後是否要參考鄰近國家的制度，實施地方二級自治，則可從長研究後再議；3.將三個離島縣合併成為一個特區政府，將特區政府設在三個離島交通都方便之台北市或台中市，並下轄現有的十六個鄉鎮市，以有效統合運用離島所有資源。

The main purpose of local government is to fulfill the functions of public service such as politics, economy, society and people's livelihood. Therefore, the change of administrative region and the planning strategy of administrative division must be able to adapt to the functions of social change and the trend of new public management. Develop to meet the ''democratic and efficient'' principle of government operation. In the face of the fierce competition of globalization and the change of the social and economic environment, all countries are seeking to adjust their competitiveness and expect to seize the opportunity in the new era of global sector adjustment. The most striking of these is the display of competitive strength. In addition to promoting the reorganization of government organizations, such as the evolution of Taiwan's administrative regions, the effectiveness of improving the amount of competition through administrative divisions or cooperation is most significant. After Taiwan's fine provinces, counties and cities merged and reformed municipalities directly under the central government, municipalities, counties and cities have become first-level local self-governing bodies. Compared with Japan, South Korea, and some countries with close population or area, Taiwan's scale is quite close. However, there are still some counties or cities or townships and municipalities that are indeed too small. If there is a short-term development goal and a small change, there is still room for further adjustment. Including:1. the merger of Hsinchu County-city, the merger of Chiayi County-City, the integration of Keelung City into Taipei City, etc.; 2. The 367 townships and towns were merged and adjusted to about 100, as to whether to refer to neighboring countries after the merger the system, the implementation of local level autonomy, can be discussed after long studies; 3. The three outlying islands County are merged into one SAR government, and the SAR government is located in Taipei City or Taichung City where three outlying islands are convenient for transportation. It administers the existing 16 townships and cities to effectively integrate all the resources of the outlying islands.