| 英文摘要 |
Tobacco products have been used by human for a long history. The prevalence of tobacco use varies in different countries.Tobacco use is different from tobacco use disorder. Tobacco use disorder is a problematic pattern of tobacco use leading to significant distressor impairment. Cigarette smoking is a chronic relapsing substance use disorder caused by addiction to nicotine. Tobacco smoke containsover 7,000 different chemical compounds, of which 93 of them are harmful substances. Methods: In this review, the authors intended toaddress the issues of harmful effects of cigarette smoking and how to cease smoking. Results: Abundant studies showed that tobacco useis the main risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the world. People who use tobacco products should be advised to quit smoking andoffered appropriate treatment. It is better for health-care providers to make the smoking cessation treatment as a standard component ofmedical care. Data from evidence-based literature showed that smoking cessation therapy can significantly raise smoking cessation rates andshould be routinely in persons who are willing to quit tobacco smoking. Smoking cessation treatment includes psychosocial interventionsand pharmacological treatment, which may be used in combination. Nonpharmacological management may be individual or group sessions,and it may include motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and others. Delivery formats of stop-smoking interventions arevaried. Pharmacological therapy includes nicotine replacement treatment and smoking aids such as bupropion and varenicline. Morbidity andmortality rates are decreased with tobacco cessation at any point in time, although cessation before the age of 40 years has the most significanteffect. Conclusion: The Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act took effect since 1997 in Taiwan. Rates of Taiwanese tobacco use have been steadilydeclining. Brilliant achievements in the field of tobacco control in Taiwan draw international attention. |
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