超競爭人格與反社會行為之關係：道德解離的調節效果

Relationship between hypercompetitive personality and antisocial behavior: The moderation effect of moral disengagement

緒論：運動道德是運動心理學所關注的研究主題，過去研究雖已發現運動員的動機氣候、目標取向與道德推理等因素是影響反社會行為的重要因子，卻忽略了從運動員的人格特質來探討對反社會行為的影響，形成研究上的重要缺口。近期人格的黑暗面被認為可以釐清特殊的人格傾向與運動場上不良行為的關係，因此本研究目的旨為瞭解運動員超競爭人格與反社會行為的關係，並進一步檢驗道德解離在超競爭人格與反社會行為關係的調節效果，以提供更完整的原理和影響機制。方法：本研究採問卷調查法，研究對象為106年大專籃球和足球聯賽公開一級之運動員356人。以超競爭人格量表、道德解離量表與反社會行為量表為研究測量工具，於比賽期間進行資料蒐集，並利用階層迴歸分析進行假設考驗。結果：超競爭人格與反社會行為（朝向對手、隊友）有顯著正向關聯；道德解離正向調節超競爭人格與朝向隊友的反社會行為，即當運動員有高道德解離時，超競爭人格與朝向隊友的反社會行為關係程度較強。結論：本研究結果反映出運動員的超競爭人格是反社會行為的重要前置因子，且當運動員有較高的道德解離時，朝向隊友的反社會行為也會越高。據此研究結果，本研究提出具體建議，作為運動團隊實務運用與未來研究方向之參考。

Introduction: Moral in sports is a major topic in sports psychology. Research has indicated that motivational climate, goal orientation, and moral reasoning are critical factors affecting the antisocial behavior of individual athletes. However, a research gap exists regarding the influence of athlete personality traits on such behavior. Relevant studies have considered the dark side of personality to be the key to understanding the relationship between particular personality traits and misconduct in sports. The present study investigated the relationship between hypercompetitive traits and antisocial behavior of athletes and the moderating effect of moral disengagement on this relationship to identify the underlying principles and mechanisms. Methods: A survey targeting 356 first-division athletes in Taiwan's University Basketball Association and University Football Association was conducted in 2017. The questionnaire adopted a hypercompetitive attitude scale, a moral disengagement scale, and an antisocial behavior scale. The survey was conducted during the game season, and the hypothesis was tested using a hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Hypercompetitive personality was discovered to be significantly and positively correlated with antisocial behavior (toward rivals and teammates). Furthermore, moral disengagement was determined to positively moderate the relationship between hypercompetitive personality and teammate-oriented antisocial behavior. That is, when an athlete exhibits a high level of moral disengagement, a strong association can be observed between this individual's hypercompetitive personality and antisocial behavior toward teammates. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a hypercompetitive personality is a critical factor predisposing athletes to antisocial behavior and those athletes exhibiting a high level of moral disengagement also exhibited more antisocial behavior toward teammates. Based on these findings, the research team proposes specific suggestions for sports team management and for future studies.