藝術與藝術作品的時間問題──海德格中期哲學之探討

The Time Problems of Art and Artwork in Middle Heidegger's Philosophy

三十年代，海德格從藝術領域尋找通往存有本身的途徑。他在《藝術作品的本源》表示，「藝術作品以它自己的方式敞開存有者的存有」，而且存有者的存有真理「發生在作品中」。他同時表示，藝術是歷史性的，藝術和藝術作品不是無時間性或超乎時間的。這引發新的問題：難道自行置入作品中的存有真理是時間性的？通過海德格《藝術作品的本源》、《尼采I》和《哲學論稿》等中期著作，本文試圖瞭解藝術和藝術作品如何關涉到存有真理的發生，而它們又有怎樣的時間特徵。

For Heidegger, art and artwork are not timeless or hyper-temporal, although they are related to truth. In “The Origin of the Work of Art”, Heidegger writes that “the art work opens up in its own way the Being of beings” and the truth of Being of beings “happens in the work”. Based on Heidegger's works in the 1930s, mainly “The Origin of the Work of Art” and also “Nietzsche I” as well as “Contributions to Philosophy (Of the Event)”, this paper will reveal how art work and art creation relate to truth, Being and temporality (Temporalität), which bases on the happening of the truth of Being and is different from timeness (Zeitlichkeit), the sense of Being in “Being and Time”.