非醫療目的基因檢測之倫理議題

The Ethical Issues Arising from Genetic Testing for Non-Medical Purposes

本文探討非醫療目的基因檢測所涉及之倫理問題，與身分識別有關者包括親緣關係錯誤之告知、國家基於犯罪鑑識目的建立DNA資料庫、移民與難民檢測等。與健康狀態相關之非醫療目的檢測有領養前基因檢測，以及直接販售給消費者之基因檢測包括：溯源基因檢測、基因媒合檢測、孩童天賦潛能檢測等。作者指出非醫療目的基因檢測之樣態與商業使用日漸增加，其衍生之遺傳倫理問題有待醫療專業之規範教育及妥善解決。

This paper examines the ethical issues arising from genetic testing for non-medical purposes. Genetic testing for personal identity might lead to misattributed parentage. Other ethical challenges also come from setting up National DNA database for criminal forensics purpose, DNA testing to immigrants and refugees. Genetic test in adoption, direct-to-consumer genetic testing for “genetic ancestry＂, “genetic matchmaking＂, and “talent identification＂ also raise different ethical controversies whose resolutions by professional regulation and education are urgently needed.