單一正犯體系的危機與突圍：歸責體系的構建－－兼與何慶仁教授商榷

The Crisis and Sally of Unitary Crime Participation System: the Establishment of the System of Imputation of Joint Crime

目前我國關於犯罪參與問題的理論研究多集中於單一制與區分制各自理論體系的介紹和二者之間相互融合的可能性探討，理論深度稍顯不足。刑法的規範屬性與價值屬性決定了單獨適用以條件說為基礎的事 實歸因思路來判斷犯罪參與人的刑事責任，容易擴大刑法的處罰範圍，不利於保障人權，而歸責思想在該項研究中的缺位可謂一大遺憾。形式的單一正犯體系與（客觀）歸責理論之間並不存在隔閡和天然障礙，批評者認為形式的單一正犯體系不是歸責體系的論斷可能並不正確，也不客觀。客觀歸責理論是實質的構成要件理論，形式的單一正犯體系與客觀歸責理論的融合是一種雙贏選擇。

At present, the research on the problem of criminal participation in China mainly focuses on the introduction of the respective theoretical systems of unitary crime participation system and the differentiation system and the possibility of their integration, and the theoretical depth is slightly inadequate. The normative attribute and value attribute of criminal law determine the theory of fact attribution The individual applicable condition theory to judge the criminal responsibility of the criminal participants will easily lead to the extension of punishment scope, the absence of imputation in this study is a great regret. There is no gap or natural obstacle between the unitary crime participation system and the imputation theory, and critics may not be correct or objective to claim that the unitary crime participation system is not the imputation system. Objective imputation theory is the essential constitutive element theory, and the combination of unitary crime participation system and objective imputation theory is a win-win choice.