再論郵輪旅游包船模式的基礎法律關係——兼論《海商法》增設郵輪旅游特別規定的觀念障礙

Reconsideration of the Basic Legal Relationships of China's Unique Travel Agency Chartered Mode of Cruise Tourism–With Discussion on the Conceptual Obstacles to Introduce Cruise Tourism Rules in the Revision of Chinese Maritime Code

我國《海商法》修改妥善處理郵輪旅遊的前提是釐清包船模式的基礎法律關係，對此主要存在郵輪公司承運人說、旅行社承運人說等觀點。中國特色包船模式以包價旅游為基本形式，旅行社的核心職能是中介服務，而非實際提供運輸服務。旅客與旅行社訂立的包價旅游合同並不包含運輸合同的條款，因而旅行社無法構成海上旅客運輸的承運人。我國立法以及司法實踐的現有進展總體也持相同態度。旅行社承運人說的主要理據均難成立。我國《海商法》增設郵輪旅游特別規定的障礙主要在於旅行社承運人說造成的普遍誤解，而非立法技術、法理依據等客觀方面，此類障礙依據郵輪公司承運人說均可迎刃而解。我國《海商法》修改應當妥善處理郵輪旅游。 Controversies exist about whether cruise line of travel agency should be identified as carrier in the basic legal relationships of China's unique travel agency chartered mode on the exclusive sales of cruise tickets of cruise tourism. Package tour is the fundamental form of chartered mode, and the core function of travel agency in package tour is not being an operator of transport service but an intermediary. The organized travel contract between the tourist and travel agency seldom contain any clause of transport contract, and the travel agency should not be identified as carrier. This also be accepted by the legislation and judicial practice in China. The obstacles of the establishment of cruise tourism rules in the revision of Chinese Maritime Code are mainly based on the commonly misunderstanding of scholars instead of legislative technique and legal basis. Cruise tourism should be duly handled in the revision of Chinese Maritime Code.