盧梭的公民宗教如何幫助我們理解當代政治生活中的信仰衝突？

How Could Rousseau's Civil Religion Help Us Understand the Conflict of Beliefs in Modern Political Life?

在後神權政治的當代，已沒有高於一切價值的權威來指導人們的政治生活，當不同宗教或政治信念╱信仰（beliefs）對於政治生活的規範產生衝突時，最終無可避免發生信仰對決。雖然主權國家的憲法看似為中立、世俗的裁決者，實際上憲法也是基於某種價值體系來對政治、非政治生活進行劃分，並對政治生活採取不寬容的齊一化。透過對盧梭文本的探索及詮釋，本文提出「公民宗教的當代理解」，主張運用此一新的分析架構，可釐清與評估信仰衝突問題的核心，並發現公民宗教若透過適當的「國家制度」傳遞，可培養公民的愛國心與義務感，逐漸消弭信仰衝突。 In this post-theocracy era, there is no absolute authority that can guide our political life. When different religious or political beliefs conflict with each other in the normativity of political life, eventually, a conflict of beliefs is bound to happen. Although the constitutions of sovereign states seem to be neutral and secular judges, they are in fact imposing a value system that distinguishes the public and private realms and are intolerant of parochial values in political life. Through an examination of Rousseau's texts, this essay proposes a modern understanding of civil religion, arguing that this understanding could serve as a useful analytical framework to clarify and evaluate the conflict of beliefs. The essay also finds that if the civil religion is preached with proper national institutions, it cultivates the citizens' love of their home country and their duties. Hence, the problems that arose from conflicting beliefs would be ameliorated.