妨害司法罪之探討──以美國聯邦法制為借鏡

A Study on the Offense of Obstruction of Justice: Lessons from the United States

現行司法實務存在許多亟待立法填補處罰的妨害司法行為，雖然妨害司法罪之增訂將影響被告之言論自由權與辯護權，並對新聞自由產生相當程度的影響，然如果原本對於司法協力義務之認知有誤，並無視其他先進國家之相關規範，似有必要在調整規範與觀念之偏差後，才有可能正確地對於相關修法草案提出批評。在保障言論自由之基礎上，依明顯且可能危險原則以及利益權衡原則，相關妨害司法行為之處罰，其所欲保護的法益必須具備高度公益性的特徵，並較言論自由更具保護之價值，以免過度限制言論自由。 There are a lot of loopholes to be filled out with regarding obstructionof justice. Although passing laws of obstruction of justice would affect theright to counsel as well as the right of freedom of speech, it is vital to getcomplete understanding of civilian obligations regarding improving criminaljustice so that correct criticism of the proposed amendment to the criminalcode could be secured. Based on the protection of freedom of speech, theclear and probable danger test and the balancing test, any relevant punishmenton obstruction of justice should focus on the protection of more valued publicinterest and the right to freedom of speech should be proportionately restricted.