捷運車站公共廁所衛生設備數量之研究

Model for Estimating Optimum Numbers of Public Lavatories in MRT Stations

Due to the prosperous developments in the metropolitan areas, it also brings with it many transportation problems such as concentration of population and rapid increase in the number of vehicles, which desperately need mass rapid transit systems to help alleviate. With the constructions and operations of the mass rapid transit systems, they have thus far been able to effectively improve the traffic problems within these two metropolitan areas in Taiwan. Therefore, the research and analysis of the quantity and ratio of the public bathroom sanitary equipment at the mass rapid transit stations should be reinforced, in order to avoid a reduction in overall service effectiveness as a result of the inability to satisfy the users' needs for relevant service facilities or usage space during peak hours of the mass rapid transit systems in the future. The main purpose of this study is to establish an estimation formula to determine the number of public bathroom facilities that need to be set up in mass rapid transit stations, in order to be used as a guideline for future installations of public restrooms in mass rapid transit stations in the country. First, this study conducted a survey, targeting the public bathroom facilities in 19 mass rapid transit stations in Taipei and Kaohsiung, in terms of their set up and usage conditions. Through surveys of actual situation and queuing line theory, important relevant parameters such as the bathroom usage ratio of men and women, facility equipment usage rate, and equipment service factors were obtained. These parameters were substituted into the estimation formula established by this study on determining the number of public bathroom facilities that need to be set up in mass rapid transit stations, the number of bathroom facilities installments could then be obtained. Furthermore, by conducting an empirical study of the established estimation formula, the design specifications, and the usage of the cases being investigated, it ensures the estimation formula to determine the quantity of bathroom facilities as established by this study meets the rationality and feasibility of practical case operations. Additionally, establish the largest value for the design of traffic volume during the peak hours at the mass rapid transit stations, and provide recommendations on installing mass rapid transit station public bathrooms, in order to reduce the queuing and waiting in public bathrooms. 由於都會地區繁榮發展，帶來人口集中與車輛快速成長等諸多交通問題，極需大眾捷運系統加以紓解。隨著台北、高雄等捷運系統之興建營運，至今已有效改善兩大都會區交通之問題，因此捷運車站之公共廁所衛生器具數量與比例，應加強進行研析，以避免未來捷運系統於尖峰使用階段，因無法滿足使用者對於相關服務設施或使用空間之需求，而降低整體服務效能。本研究主要目的建立捷運車站公共廁所衛生設備設置數量推估公式，提供我國未來捷運車站公共廁所設置參考使用。首先，本研究針對台北及高雄捷運站等19站車站之公共廁所衛生設備設置情形及使用現況進行調查，透過現況調查數據分析及等候線理論方法，掌握男女大小便如廁比率、設備器具利用率、器具服務係數等相關重要參數，將其參數代入本研究建置之捷運車站公共廁所衛生設備設置數量推估公式，即可求得衛生設備設置數量。並且將所建立之推估公式與設計規範及調查案例使用情形進行實證探討，確定本研究建立之衛生設備數量推估公式，於實際案例操作上之合理性及可行性。同時訂出捷運車站尖峰小時之設計旅運量最大值，提出捷運車站公共廁所設置建議方案，降低公共廁所產生排隊等候情形。