一種「烏托邦／理想國」的追尋：臺灣金門傳統聚落碧山村之研究

The Pursuit of a Small Utopia: A Study of a Traditional Settlement Bi-Shan Village in Kinmen Island of Taiwan

The term “utopia” is used both in the western world and also in eastern society. In fact, such scenes of life in Lao Tzu’s “The Small Utopia” occur often in many traditional villages in Taiwan. Therefore, traditional settlement research has become the site for exploring the prototype of “utopia”. Over the past decades, researchers from Taiwan have attempted to establish analytical frameworks to examine settlements. Based on previous research achievements, this study aims to discuss the concept of utopia by investigating Bi-Shan Village in Kinmen Island of Taiwan, with particular references to the approaches to site selection, building construction, and religious activities. Firstly, the study reviews the settlement studies in Taiwan and explores the spatial thoughts related to this topic. Secondly, it examines the history and spatial changes of Bi-Shan Village. Finally, the part regarding site selection examines the spatial notion of Chinese feng shui, while discussions of building construction and religious activities deal with the transformation of living space into a utopia. This study represents the pursuit of a small utopia in Kinmen Island of Taiwan. 無論是東西方都有「烏托邦／理想國」的觀念。實際上，如同中國老子的「理想國」所揭示的情景在臺灣的許多村莊中常可見到。因此，傳統聚落成了可尋求「烏托邦／理想國」的原型地。多年來，臺灣的研究者皆致力於建構出分析聚落的架構。基於此，本研究藉由金門碧山村的擇址、建築營建與宗教活動等層面來討論「烏托邦／理想國」的概念。首先，本文回顧臺灣聚落研究的歷程與相關的思考；其次探討碧山村的空間變遷歷史；最後，從擇址面向討論中國風水的空間認知，從建築營建與宗教活動角度檢視生活空間如何展現一個烏托邦的情境。綜言之，本文企圖呈顯一種在金門島上對理想國的追尋。