羨慕、忌妒及惡魔之眼：普什圖族與墨西哥農村文化的比較研究

Envy, Jealousy and Evil Eye: A Comparative Study of Pashtun Tribal and Mexican Peasant Cultures

本研究主要關注人類的情感，尤其是羨慕、忌妒與惡魔之眼的相關信仰，在兩個不同文化中的情形：在巴基斯坦普什圖文化及墨西哥的農村中，對之有相似的規範和實作（Gohar, 2018）。在這篇比較民族誌中，筆者訪問巴基斯坦斯瓦特河谷（Swat Valley）不同村莊的人們，並將調查發現與過去墨西哥研究中所突顯的羨慕、忌妒與惡魔之眼的概念進行比較。研究結果顯示，羨慕和忌妒都是兩者文化中所固有的，而惡魔之眼則被視為其表現。本研究結果有助於理解羨慕、忌妒與惡魔之眼如何在不同的文化社群中交互作用。

This study focuses on human emotions, specifically envy, jealousy, and the related belief in the evil eye. These emotional states are explored across two different cultures: Pashtun culture in Pakistan and rural Mexican culture, which share similar norms and practices (Gohar, 2018). In the present comparative ethnography, the authors interviewed people in different villages of Swat Valley in Pakistan and contrast their findings with the concepts of envy, jealousy, and evil eye in Mexican culture as highlighted in the previous studies. The findings reveal that envy and jealousy are inherent in both the cultures, and evil eye is treated as a manifestation of them in both. These results have implications for creating awareness about how envy, jealousy, and evil eye interact in different cultural communities.