緊急事故救護支援系統建置之研究──以LoRa及藍牙技術為例

Emergency Ambulance Support System using LoRa and Bluetooth Technologies

救護救險車輛於執行緊急勤務時，常需高速行駛以爭取時間，導致衍伸車禍風險增加的問題，尤其是在車輛通過交叉路口時。本研究透過物聯網科技使紅綠燈號誌智慧化，經由紅綠燈原有號誌變換及加裝之指向裝置提醒，使一般車輛駕駛得知救護救險車輛動向，進而加速救護速度。本研究在通訊連接技術上採用新興LoRa科技，負責偵測救護救險車與路口之遠近，並輔以藍牙系統，負責進行各路口RSSI（Received Signal Strength Indication）值之比對，透過訊號強度變化而獲知救護救險車處於哪一車道及其行進方向。本研究經道路實際測試，確認系統可精確判讀預先安裝於各路口接收裝置的RSSI值，並採用PARAMICS微觀交通模擬軟體6.7版，對各20部裝置／未裝置本研究開發之緊急事故救護支援系統的車輛，模擬其通過交叉路口的時間，發現可提升超過3倍的救護救險車輛車速。期盼未來建置本研究開發之系統後，可減少交通事故、加速救援速度並降低社會成本，落實智慧運輸系統發展之目標。 When performing emergency duties, ambulances and rescue vehicles are often required to travel at high speeds. This increases the risk of road accidents, especially when vehicles pass through an intersection. Using Internet of Things technologies, this study developed a smart traffic light signaling system. The use of smart technology to change traffic signals and displayed reminders with installed pointing devices inform general vehicle drivers of the movements of ambulances and rescue vehicles, decreasing rescue time. For a communication connection technology, this study adopts the emerging LoRa (long-range) Technology , which here is responsible for detecting the distances of ambulances and rescue vehicles from intersections. This technology is supplemented by a Bluetooth system, which is responsible for comparing received signal strength indication (RSSI) values at each intersection. From signal strength variations, the lanes and directions in which ambulances and rescue vehicles are driving can be determined. Through field tests, this study confirmed that the system can precisely interpret the RSSI values of receiving devices pre-installed at each intersection. PARAMICS Microsimulation software version 6.7 was adopted for 20 sets of vehicles with and without the emergency relief support system developed for this study in each case to simulate their time passing through an intersection. It was observed that the speeds of ambulances and rescue vehicles can be increased threefold with this system. Implementing this system is expected to reduce traffic accidents, accelerate rescues, and reduce social costs, thereby realizing a smart transportation system.