保險科技是否威脅傳統保險業？──網路風險分散平台之比較分析

Threat of InsurTech to Conventional Insurance Industry: Comparative Analysis of Online Risk-Transferring Platforms

本研究以消費者期望效用角度，藉由經濟模型比較網路風險分散平台與傳統保險經營模式。研究發現在人數規模夠大時，網路風險分散平台功能類似收取極低附加費用的保險公司，且其消費者期望效用會隨人數規模遞增，當人數超過臨界規模量時，網路風險分散平台之消費者期望效用將比傳統保險機制高。此外，網路風險分散平台將道德風險的成本藉由每人分攤的方式，會比傳統保險公司將審核道德風險的成本轉嫁至附加保費上來得更有效率。但當市場的風險發生率差異很大時，網路風險分散平台則比較難推廣成功。總之，網路風險分散平台以科技技術創造低成本、低進入門檻與無地域限制的相對優勢，未來有可能對傳統保險經營帶來衝擊。 Based on consumer's expectation utility, this research compares online risk-transferring platforms and the conventional insurance mechanisms using economic models. The research findings indicate that when the scale is suitably large, the function of online risk-transferring platforms is similar to that of insurance companies with low loadings. Moreover, consumers' expectation utility increases with the number of users. When the number of users is higher than the critical number of users, the utility of online risk-transferring platforms is greater than that of the conventional insurance mechanisms. In addition, it is more efficient for each user to share the cost of moral hazards on online platforms than it is to add the cost of loading in conventional insurance companies. However, the promotion of online platforms is subject to failure when risk probability differs substantially among individual users. In light of online platforms' comparative advantages of low cost, low entry barriers, and relatively few limitations, these platforms may incur devastating effects on the conventional insurance industry.