公司法第173條之1持股過半數股東召集股東會之解釋與適用

A Comment in The Right to Convene A Special Shareholders' Meeting Under The Article 173-1 of The Company Act

舊版公司法第173條第1項及第4項，原已分別規定了少數股東之股東會召集請求權（第1項）及少數股東之股東會自行召集權（第2項及第4項）以保障少數股東權益，惟少數股東在行使時仍必須透過董事會召集或先報經主管機關許可後始得自行召集，股東自行召集股東會門檻仍高。從而2018年8月1日公布之新法再增訂第173條之1，使繼續3個月以上持股過半數之股東可自行召集股東臨時會。本條創設出持股過半數股東得不經董事會或主管機關審查之股東會召集權，被業界稱為大同條款，認為容易引起市場派股東發動經營權爭奪戰。本文擬由少數股東權之規範本質及歷史沿革為基礎，透過介紹少數股東召集股東會之國內外規定，延伸檢視本次修法增訂創設出第173條之1所衍生之政策面或執行面相關問題並就主管機關提出之配套見解，試著梳理出脈絡並提出看法。 According to the Article 173 I of the Company Act (2015.7.1), any or a plural number of shareholder(s) of a company who has (have) continuously held 3% or more of the total number of outstanding shares for a period of one year or a longer time may, by filing a written proposal setting forth therein the subjects for discussion and the reasons, request the board of directors to call a special meeting of shareholder(s). And Article 173 IV of the Company Act (2015.7.1), When the board of directors fails or can not convene a shareholders' meeting on account of share transfer or any other causes, the shareholder(s) holding 3 % or more of the totle number of outstanding shares of the company may, after obtaining an approval from the competent authority, convene a shareholders' meeting. The minority shareholder(s) still face the highly restrictions of calls for special meeting of shareholder(s). After the amendment to Article 173-1 of the Company Act (2018.8.1), the shareholder(s) of a company who has (have) continuously held 50 % or more of the total number of outstanding shares for a period of 3 months and more then, can convene a shareholders' meeting without other restriction. It creates the right that can convene a shareholders' meeting without preview by board of directors or the competent authority for the shareholder(s) of a company who has (have) continuously held 50 % or more of the total number of outstanding shares. Therefore, it is been considered as raise the fight of management power easily. This article introduces the elementary and the history of the right to convene a special shareholders' Meeting of Minority shareholders of R.O.C or aboard. Then extend to overview the issues and questions from both policy and implementation of the amendment to Article 173-1 of the Company Act (2018.8.1) and the relative complementary measures of the competent authorities, then propose the author's opinion.