論管制裁量之概念在德國電信法、能源法與我國電業法之適用及發展

在德國很多網絡相關的企業如鐵路、電信、能源等民營化之後，國家為了擔保公共利益不因為市場民營化受到損害，對這些特定市場採取了特殊的管制。因應管制目標發展出來的法條，跟傳統法規有很大區別，也因此有了管制裁量概念的發展。不同於傳統德國行政法上不確定法律概念和行政裁量的區分，管制裁量是兩者的結合。行政機關在相關事務上相較於傳統的行政裁量擁有更廣泛的裁量形成空間。法律效果方面是援引了計畫裁量的法律效果。司法審查因此受到一定的限制。由於管制裁量涉及到了行政權和司法權的界限問題，在學說上也引起相當的討論。在界限上一般認為還是要以規範授權理論為核心，經由相關法條明確授權或是合理解釋來得出裁量權限的存在。在將來國內電力市場朝向自由化時，德國法上的管制裁量概念可以做為我國管制法規設計的參考。 In Germany, many network businesses, such as railroad, telecommunication, and electricity, were privatized. After privatization, the government placed these sectors under special regulations to protect public interest. Statutes of these regulations are different from conventional provisions. Therefore, the concept of regulatory discretion has been developed. Apart from German conventional administrative law, regulatory discretion combines indefinite legal terms and administrative discretion. Hence, administrative agencies of such industries have more leeway in their discretion. A judicial review is limited to particular areas. Regulatory discretion raises a boundary question between powers of the executive branch and those of the judiciary branch. It is thus an issue that was much discussed. In general, the existence of regulatory discretion must be manifestly authorized by a statute or be a result of reasonable statutory interpretation. The concept of regulatory discretion may be useful for legislators when Taiwan moves toward liberation of the electricity industry in the future.