論失信的行政聯合懲戒及其法律控制

Research on the Administrative Joint Punishment of Dishonesty and the Legal Control Over It

失信的行政聯合懲戒是社會信用體系建設迄今為止頗具侵害性與威懾力的手段之一，是中國特有的一種制度設計。失信的行政聯合懲戒是在根據原有法律規定對失信者進行制裁的基礎之上，再次在經濟、社會活動中對失信者設置障礙或進行限制的制度安排，因而不同於為了促進被執行人履行生效法律文書確定的義務的強制執行措施。作為事前預防模式的失信行政聯合懲戒能夠彌補傳統事後處罰模式的不足，有效提高社會誠信治理水平。在法律性質上，失信行政聯合懲戒是由多重行政行為疊加而成的制度整體，實踐中既可能呈現為行政檢查、行政指導等行政事實行為，亦可呈現為行政處罰、行政許可、行政合同、行政補貼等行政法律行為。鑒於失信行政聯合懲戒能夠對社會主體產生重大影響，有必要在行政法治框架下，從法定性、關聯性、合比例性及程序設計上對失信行政聯合懲戒進行嚴格的法律控制。 The administrative joint punishment of dishonesty is one of the most invasive and deterrent means of China's social honesty system construction, and it is a unique system design in China. The administrative joint punishment of dishonesty sets up obstacles or restrictions on the dishonest person in economic and social activities once again after the person have been sanctioned according to the law he violates. Thus it is different from the enforcement measures in order to promote obligors to perform obligations established in the legal instruments in force. As a preventive mode, administrative joint punishment of dishonesty can effectively make up for the shortcomings of the traditional post-penal punishment model and effectively improve the level of social integrity. In the legal nature, the administrative joint punishment of dishonesty is a system that is composed of multiple administrative actions. In practice, it may be presented as administrative inspections,administrative guidance and other administrative factual action, and may also be presented as administrative punishment, administrative licenses, administrative contracts, administrative subsidies and other administrative legal action. Since the administrative joint punishment of dishonesty can have a major impact on the social subject, it is necessary to strictly control it from the legality, relevance, proportionality and due process within the framework of administrative rule of law