台農甜蜜’桃雜交後代果實性狀的遺傳分析

Genetic Analysis of Fruit Characteristics in Hybrids of ‘Premier’ Peach ( Prunus persica Sieb. Et Zucc.)

針對台灣平地水蜜桃主要栽培種‘台農甜蜜’（‘Premier’），自1996年至1998年間5個特定雜交組合及708株後代開花結果的表現，進行子代重要經濟性狀的遺傳分析研究。結果顯示台農甜蜜桃的果肉質地屬溶質為同因子結合體（MM），白色果肉（Yy）與果核的黏離（Ff）為異因子結合體。與果肉如石頭般堅硬的‘鶯歌桃’（hdhd）雜交，134株雜交後代皆為溶質，可見‘台農甜蜜’溶質特性為顯性同基因體結合（HdHd）。果實大小呈現被多因子控制的結果，無完全顯性，‘Flordared’ב台農甜蜜’的雜交組合，產生大果的機率較高。從‘台農甜蜜’正反交的後代中比較高酸與低酸的出現機率，顯示低酸（甜蜜桃）型的子代是從累加顯性遺傳因子而來，低酸栽培種為母本可獲得較多低酸度的後代。 The performance datum of 708 low-chill hybrids derived from｀Premier＇peach with five specific combinations were conducted for fruit genetic analysis from 1996 to 1998. The results revealed that melting flesh homozygotes MM, white flesh heterozygotes Yy and semi-clingstone heterozygotes Ff were determined for fruit inherited characters of Premier peach. All melting flesh of 134 progenies desending from ‘Premier’ × ‘In-ge-taur’ (stonyhard, hdhd) revealed that melting flesh character of ‘Premier’ consists of a dominant homozygote (HdHd). Fruit size appeared to be controlled by multiple genes without complete dominance. The best combination of high opportunity to obtain large fruit size was derived from ｀Flordared＇×｀Premier’ in this experiment. To compare high and low acid hybrids from reciprocal crosses of｀Premier’ indicated that low acid (sweet) type of peach resulted from cumulative dominant genes. Much more percentage of lowest acidity progenies were selected from the combination by using low acid cultivar as maternal parent.