溫室環控工程決策支援軟體之建立I.台灣地區溫溼度與輻射

Development of Decision Support Software for Greenhouse Environmental Control I. Temperature, Humidity and Solar Radiation of Taiwan

For controlled environment agriculture (CEA) related facility planning and design, weather information for the specific location are required for the estimation of heating/cooling loads and design of environmental control components and systems. Summer/Winter design temperature and degree day were the traditional methods used by the engineers to estimate the annual cooling/heating load. Weather bin data is more advanced but provided in tabular format. Accumulative probability weather data is more flexible to use than tables or graphs and more easily computerized. Software developed in this study, using MATLAB under Windows environment, is capable of providing probability data for any user defined range of temperature (T) and/or relative humidity (RH) for any selected location provided in the database. Such information can also be presented as 2D and 3D plots. Monthly and seasonal information on T, RH, solar radiation and sunshine duration are also available. The software also identified the day with hottest average temperature and the day with hottest hourly temperature, and showed the trends of dry bulb, wet bulb temperature and relative humidity of these two particular days. Wet bulb depression of selected location is also available in the software. At present, this database contains data of 10 weather stations of CWB of Taiwan. The applications of this software in temperature, humidity and radiation related decision making include the determination on the suitability of growing certain crops in certain location, months required heating/cooling and the determination on cooling/heating load/costs, shading requirement, shading control and the limit on the performance of the evaporative cooling applied in certain locations, etc. 溫室環控系統規劃需要特定地點的氣象資料作為系統設計依據。過去使用的夏季／冬季設計溫度值與度日數在使用上誤差較大，氣象bin data可提供良好的參考，但因為數值呈現多以表格方式，且各溫度區間為定值，使用上常需要作內插，頗不方便。在電腦盛行的今日，使用機率分布為較新的做法。本研究使用MATLAB程式語言建立MS Windows環境下的軟體，涵括中央氣象局在台灣的10個測站過去14年的逐時溫度、溼度資料與過去12年的輻射、日照時數等資料，允許使用者選擇地點查詢合乎使用者設定的溫度與／或溼度範圍內的一年中發生的小時數與機率值。軟體同時提供其他10個功能包括：上述溫、溼度機率分布的2D與3D繪圖，月平均／最高／最低溫、溼度，季平均溫、溼度，月平均日照量，平均日照時數，14年中有最熱的一小時那天／最熱的一日的逐時溫、溼度資料與各地區的濕球降等。本研究所提供的資訊可進一步協助溫、溼度與輻射相關之決策，包括：判斷某一地區是否適合栽種某一作物，那些月份需要加熱／冷卻，加熱／冷卻系統設計負荷與操作成本的決定，遮蔭系統的設計需求與控制方式，蒸發冷卻降溫系統的降溫極限與效能等。