從江南傳統庭園建築手法探討板橋林園之建築形式

A Study on Building Form of Panchiao Lin Garden from Building Method of Jiangnan Traditional Garden

庭園建築不僅是中國傳統庭園中重要的構成要素之一，更是建構傳統庭園風格的最重要形式，但受限於木構造主體本就較不易保存，再加上庭園中的建築往往多年不用頹圮失修，留下可供考證的庭園建築十分有限，故針對其造型特質加以研究，以建構具文化特質的景園風貌，應是現今當務之急的工作。本研究結合形態學的比較研究模式與史學的文字考證方式，先將相關之江南傳統庭園建築文獻資料整理，並予以具體類型化後，作為探討板橋林園建築手法之比較基礎，再利用建築設計圖及現況與留存史料進行比較與分析討論。結果發現板橋林園的建築式樣介於江南與北方庭園兩者之間，外觀上呈現的彩度較高，不若江南庭園顯現的清雅與人文風格；至於庭園建築的功能則與一般的傳統庭園建築大致相同；在建築布局方面，板橋林園建築的配置常以基地形狀與借景四周主題為主；構造形式上較傾向嶺南建築風格；屋頂構造型式、喜用樓的型式、屋頂牆面及地面喜用紅磚、山牆重視風水型式等則可說是台灣庭園建築較特殊之處。 Garden buildings are one of the important elements of the traditional Chinese garden. However, garden buildings are difficult to maintain because of their wooden construction, and therefore, the buildings of traditional garden are less used and studied. Only a few of the buildings of traditional Gardens in Taiwan have been left. Thus, the building method needs to be discussed more. This article uses the typological pattern and historical review method to compare the building topics of the Jiangnan and those of the traditional Taiwanese gardens. The results of the study find that the style of Lin Garden is typical Ming Nan garden. The Lin Garden emphasizes more on building form and color than the Jiangnan garden. The building functions are almost the same as the traditional gardens. Space location is mainly arranged according to site shape and surrounding landscapes. The building form is close to the Ling Nan style, which includes several special topics, such as the forms of roof, floor construction, Feng Shui Sunchia, and preference for red bricks on roof, wall, and pavement.