乙烯與黑暗引起蝴蝶蘭盆花花朵及花苞的萎凋

Flower and Bud Wilting of Potted Phalaenopsis Caused by Ethylene and Darkness

本研究以台灣原生蝴蝶蘭Phal. amabilis var. formosa Shimadzu（TS 97）及大白花雜交種（white hybrid）盆花為材料，比較乙烯和黑暗貯運等貯運逆境的反應及施用乙烯作用抑制劑1-MCP（1-methylcyclopropene）之效果。結果顯示乙烯會造成蝴蝶蘭花序花朵及大花苞萎凋；黑暗模擬貯運對花朵及大花苞造成的影響較小，主要使花序先端的小花苞先黃而後乾縮。開花株的葉片與花梗碳水化合物含量較花朵及花苞少。經黑暗7天後，葉片、花梗、花朵及花苞內碳水化合物含量下降，其中以花苞下降最為顯著，故推測黑暗貯運使小花苞萎凋是因缺乏碳水化合物所致。大白花雜交種SH 87-7和‘Tinny’對乙烯及黑暗貯運的敏感度較Phal. TS 97敏感。1-MCP的施用可抑制乙烯所引起的花朵及花苞萎凋、脫落的現象，並可降低黑暗貯運所引起的小花苞萎凋率。 This study was to investigate flower and bud wilting in Phal. amabilis var. formosa Shimadzu (TS 97) and white hybrid caused by ethylene and darkness, and the efficacy of pretreated 1-MCP (1- methylcyclopropene), a gaseous ethylene inhibitor. The results showed that flowers and the largest bud were more sensitive to ethylene. Pretreated with 800 ppb 1-MCP could prevent flower and bud wilting completely caused by ethylene. Simulated dark transport for 4 or 7 days would induce the young bud yellowing then wilting, which was prevented by 800 ppb 1-MCP for 8 hours before dark treatment. The white hybrid SH 87-7 and ‘Tinny’ were more sensitive to ethylene and darkness than Phal. TS 97. Plants with flower stalk about 3-5 flowers opened and 4-9 flower buds, the carbohydrates content in 2nd leaf counted from top and stalk was very low. However, flowers and buds contained high soluble sugars (190-244 mg.g-1 D.W.). After dark treatments, the carbohydrates in leaf, stalk, flower and bud decreased rapidly, especially in young flower buds. Our conclusion was that the youngest bud sensitive to darkness was due to lack of carbohydrate during simulated dark transport.