| 中文摘要 |
文心蘭切花外銷近年蓬勃發展，目前已成為台灣第二大外銷切花，主要外銷日本，但因含蟲（主要為蛾類幼蟲）約有20～30%會受日本燻蒸。本研究將文心蘭切花經模擬銷日運輸後以溴化甲烷（24.5g／m3日本使用之劑量）燻蒸，結果對切花拍賣品質影響不大，但會降低瓶插壽命1～2日。文心蘭切花在運輸前以‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP（1-methylcyclopropene）處理，可以提高受燻蒸切花之瓶插壽命1～2日同時提高瓶插品質，使其與未受燻蒸者相似。溴化甲烷燻蒸也降低花苞開張率以及提高黃化率，‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP處理可有效的改善，使其與未燻蒸者相似。在運輸前以防檢局所研發之減壓燻蒸處理，如以溴化甲烷（10g／m3）混合磷化氫（3g／m3）在低壓（250 torr）下燻蒸3小時，對文心蘭切花運輸後之品質及瓶插壽命之不利影響，比高劑量之溴化甲烷（24.5g／m3）輕微，這些不利的影響以‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP處理均可有效的改善；對斜紋夜盜蟲、棉蚜、台灣花薊馬均有接近100%之致死率。減壓處理只加磷化氫（5g／m3）燻蒸，對於斜紋夜盜蟲有100%致死率，對於棉蚜和台灣花薊馬於剛燻蒸後仍有少數（1.7～11.6%）存活；經模擬空運後，棉蚜與台灣花薊馬之存活率各降為5.3%及0.0%，模擬海運後各降為2.0%及0.3%。結果顯示適當的保鮮處理，可以改善文心蘭切花銷日受日本燻蒸之傷害，減壓燻蒸殺蟲效果良好，值得研發實用之方法，配合保鮮處理更可保障切花品質。
Exportation of Taiwan Oncidium cut flowers have been increasing rapidly in these few years. These flowers are mainly exported to Japan. 20~30% of them have been fumigated with MBr (methyl bromide 84.5g/m3 ) due to plant pests. Their vase lives were shortened for about 1 to 2 days. In this study, a pretreatment called ‘TARI's onc1’ and 1-MCP(1-Methylcyclopropene) were used to prolong the vase life of these flowers which would be fumigated with MBr(24.5g/m3 ) after transportation. The result indicated that the treatment not only increased the vase life of fumigated flowers for 1 to 2 days, but also improved the quality of flowers close to un-fumigated ones. Fumigations with the mixture of MBr (10g/m3 ) and phosphine (3g/m3 )，or only phosphine (5g/m3 ) under low pressure (250 torr) before transportation were also tested. These low pressure fumigations shortened the vase life of Oncidium cut flower for about 0.5 to 1 days. Flowers fumigated with ‘TARI's onc1’ and 1-MCP under low pressure resulted in 100% mortality of Spodoptera litura, Aphis gossypii and Thrips hawaiiensis. Fumigation under low pressure with only phosphine (5g/m3 ) also had about 100% mortality of Spodoptera litura and Aphis gossypii after simulated transportation. It was only 94.7% mortality of Thrips hawaiiensis. |
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