非洲菊切花瓶插期間糖類與糖醇類濃度變化與添加糖類延長切花壽命

Changes in Sugar and Sugar Alcohol Concentrations during Vase and Supplemental Sugars to Extend Vase Life in Gerbera Cut Flowers

本研究分析非洲菊瓶插期間花序及花梗各部位乾重、水分及糖類與糖醇類濃度的變化，以探討對瓶插品質之影響。非洲菊‘Rosella’切花瓶插第3至第5天為主要的乾重下降期，花托下5－10及10－15 cm花梗之乾重下降較花序及花梗其他部位更顯著。切花瓶插3天內有組織復水現象，各部位組織含水率於瓶插5天內持續上升，但花序及花托下5－25 cm花梗組織內含水重量於瓶插第3天已開始下降，花托下5 cm花梗之含水重量則至瓶插第5天才開始下降，且此段花梗之乾重於瓶插3天內顯著增加，顯示於採後仍持續生長。分析切花組織內各種糖類與醣醇類濃度，非洲菊‘Rosella　’切花含有高濃度之葡萄糖，其次為蔗糖及果糖，並含有木糖醇、肌醇及少量山梨糖醇。花梗中葡萄糖濃度於瓶插期間大幅下降。相較於花序及花托下10－20 cm之花梗，花托下10 cm花梗於瓶插期間可維持較高的糖類與糖醇類濃度。非洲菊‘Ching Shin Huang　’於含200 mg‧L^(-1)8-羥喹啉硫酸（8-Hydroxyl quinoline sulfate, 8-HQS）瓶插液之瓶插壽命為9.9天，90%的切花因花梗折曲而結束瓶插壽命，瓶插液中添加20 g‧L^(-1)之葡萄糖、果糖或蔗糖，花梗折曲率皆可降為0，並大幅延長切花壽命，其中以添加葡萄糖者切花壽命延長為24.1天效果最顯著，瓶插於果糖及蔗糖溶液之壽命各為22.2及19.8天。 Changes in dry weight, water content, and soluble sugar and sugar alcohol concentration of inflorescences and various scape portions (25 cm below the capitulum, at intervals of 5 cm) in gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus. ex Hook. f.) during vase life were investigated. The results showed that the majority of the dry weight in 'Rosella' cut flower decreased during days 3-5 in vase, with the 5-10 and 10-15 cm scape portions reduced more dry weight as compared to inflorescence and other scape portions. Tissue rehydration of inflorescences and all portions of scapes occurred within three days in vases. The 5-25 cm scape portions started to decrease relative water weight (% of the initial) on day 5, whereas the top 5 cm scape portion still exhibited increased dry weight and did not decrease relative water weight until day 5 in vase. Analysis revealed that cut flowers of gerbera 'Rosella' had high concentration of glucose, followed by sucrose and fructose, and also had xylitol and myo-inositol. Glucose concentration in scapes decreased rapidly during vase. The top 10 cm scapes maintained higher sum of sugar and sugar alcohol concentrations than the 10-20 cm scape portions and the inflorescences. Scape bending of 'Ching Shin Huang' gerbera cut flower could be prevented with vase solution containing 20 g‧L^(-1) glucose, fructose or sucrose and 200 mg‧L^(-1) 8-HQS. Vase life of cut flowers was extend to 24.1 days in the vase solution containing 20 g‧L^(-1) glucose, as compared to 22.2 days in fructose and 19.8 days in sucrose.