採用切蕊柱授粉法克服蝴蝶蘭Taipei Gold 'STM'之育種障礙

Using Cut-column Pollination Method to Overcome Breeding Barriers in Phalaenopsis Taipei Gold 'STM'

具合意園藝性狀之蝴蝶蘭商業栽培品種，常存有雜交育種障礙。本研究乃針對已知具有雜交困難的三倍體（2n = 3x = 57）蝴蝶蘭品種Phalaenopsis Taipei Gold ''''STM''''，進一步就其雜交障礙現象進行探討，並參試切蕊柱授粉法對其育種障礙克服之效能。採P. Taipei Gold ''''STM''''自交或與P. Brother Irene Irene ''''Feng Fong''''、P. Sogo Yukidian ''''V3''''及P. Tai Lin Red Angel ''''V31''''等三種無雜交障礙之四倍體商業品種行正反交，結果顯示，以P. Taipei Gold ''''STM''''為雌親之交配組合，未見柱頭腔閉合及花粉管生長，且無論以其為雌親或雄親之組合皆無後代產生。以P. Taipei Gold ''''STM''''為雌親，經切蕊柱處理，並分別授予上述三種四倍體商業品種以及P. fasciata和P. violacea二種蝴蝶蘭原生種之花粉塊的結果顯示，五種組合的平均結莢率可達50.0%至88.9%，且其中四組合皆可成功獲得雜交後代。本研究開發的切蕊柱授粉法可能應用於其他具有類似P. Taipei Gold ''''STM''''雜交表現的蝴蝶蘭商業栽培品種之育種障礙克服。 Breeding barriers occur frequently in hybridization when crossing between commercial Phalaenopsis cultivars with desirable horticultural traits. In this study, Phalaenopsis Taipei Gold 'STM', a triploid with 2n = 3x = 57 chromosomes, known to be difficult in hybridization was chosen to examine crossing barrier and to explore the cut-column pollination method to overcome the barriers. P. Taipei Gold 'STM' was either self-crossed, or used as the pollen or pistillate parent in reciprocal crossings with three tetraploid cultivars, including P. Brother Irene Irene 'Feng Fong', P. Sogo Yukidian 'V3', and P. Tai Lin Red Angel 'V31' that do not exhibit breeding barrier. Results showed that both stigma cavity closure and pollen tube growth did not occur when P. Taipei Gold 'STM' was used as the pistillate parent. No offspring was obtained when using P. Taipei Gold 'STM' as either pollen or pistillate parent. To explore performance of cut-column pollination method, P. Taipei Gold 'STM' was used as the pistillate parent, after the removal of the upper part of column but with the stigma cavity intacted, and then pollinated with pollinia of these three tetraploid cultivars and two species, P. fasciata and P. violacea, respectively. The results showed that 50.0%-88.9% capsule sets were achieved from the five combinations, and offsprings were successfully obtained from four combinations. We suggest that the cut-column pollination method innovated in this study may be applicable to other Phalaenopsis cultivars with similar crossing behaviors of P. Taipei Gold 'STM' for overcoming the breeding barrier.