鳳梨釋迦在台東地區之果實生長與特性

Characteristics of Growth and Development of Atemoya Fruits in Taitung, Taiwan

本研究調查在台東地區15年生之鳳梨釋迦冬期果果實發育期間果實長、寬度及重量之變化。果實發育曲線呈雙S型，自授粉後至第8週為快速生長期，第9-16週生長遲緩，19週之後再急遽生長。鳳梨釋迦果實為心臟形，果形指數（長寬比）約為1.11，果實形狀自幼果期開始即以固定比例成長。果實凸起之鱗目在授粉後第13週起逐漸變平，果皮色自果尖開始由綠色轉變為黃綠色，至授粉後第21週完全變成黃綠色。種子之發育曲線呈單S型，授粉後5-8週快速發育，之後重量不再增加。授粉後種子為白色，自第9週後逐漸轉為黃褐色，第15週近果梗處之種子開始轉為黑色，第18週後完全轉為黑色。授粉後16週之果實採收後可正常後熟。全可溶性固形物含量在授粉後19週達到最高，為27.6°Brix，之後不再增加。授粉後第24週果實完成發育成熟；此時平均果重達941.4 g，每果平均種子數47.5粒，果肉率76.0%；其全可溶性固形物含量24.0°Brix。 Fruit characteristics of 15-year-old Atemoya (Annona squamosa × A. cherimola or A. cherimola × A. squamosa hybrids) during growth and maturation under natural conditions of Taitung, Taiwan were studied. The growth curve of atemoya fruit was double sigmoid. The fruit had a slow growth period (from 9 to 16 weeks after pollination) between two rapid growth periods, i.e. 1 to 8 weeks and 16 to 24 weeks after pollination. Atemoya fruit shape index was 1.11. The fruit shape remained fairly constant during the early growth period. The color of fruit changed from green to yellow-green at 13 weeks after pollination. Atemoya seed increased in weight in a manner of single sigmoid curve, having a rapid increase period between 5 to 8 weeks after pollination. Young white seeds began to turn brown at 9 weeks, then to turn black at 15 weeks, and finally became deep black at 18 weeks after pollination. Atemoya fruit harvested at 16 weeks after pollination could ripen normally. The fruit harvested at 19 weeks after pollination had the highest total soluble solids content of 27.6 °Brix. The fruit harvested at 24 weeks after pollination had an average weight of 941.4 grams, seed number of 47.5, flesh ratio of 76.0%, and total soluble solids content of 24.0 °Brix.