芭菲爾鞋蘭屬切花採後花被形態之變化

Morphologic Change in the Perianth of Senescencing Cut Flowers of Paphiopedilum

芭菲爾鞋蘭屬Paphiopedilum callosum、P. delenatii及P. esquirolei切花採收後於自然瓶插下，初萎期之症狀為萼片、翼瓣或唇瓣呈現部分軟垂、輕度褐化、變薄及透明化，漸失觀賞價值；萎凋期之症狀為花朵失水且翼瓣呈現嚴重褐化、皺縮並失去瓶插壽命及觀賞價值。P. delenatii及P. callosum之花朵瓶插壽命約79天，顯著低於P. esquirolei之13天。吸水量以P. esquirolei最高，其次為P. callosum，而P. delenatii最低；吸水速率之下降以P. callosum最快，P. esquirolei較慢；鮮重變化率以P. esquirolei較低。瓶插期間花色劣變以P. callosum最早出現，P. esquirolei較晚產生劣變。3個供試材料之切花吸水量皆於瓶插第1天為最高，花朵外觀呈現飽滿且富有光澤。萼片、翼瓣或唇瓣之細胞皆排列緊密且呈現膨潤之狀態，而後隨著吸水量之下降，其萼片、翼瓣及唇瓣表皮細胞會呈現失水及萎凋的狀態越趨明顯，細胞向中央塌陷，周緣形成褶紋。 The purpose of this research was to study the postharvest physiology and ultrastructure of three Paphiopedihm of cut flowers, P. callosum, P. delenatii and P. esquirolei. In the slight-wilting stage, the sepal, petal and lip were partly weak, thin and transparent. In the wilting stage, water loss occurred, flowers browned, then vase life ended. The vase life of P. delenatii and P. callosum was 8-9 days, which was significantly shorter than the 13-day vase life of P. esquirolei under room temperature. P. esquirolei had the highest volume of water uptake, followed by P. callosum, and then P. delenatii. The daily water loss ratio was the highest in P. callosum, and the lowest in P. esquirolei. The water uptake of cut flowers of all three species was highest in the first day; the flowers appeared full and glossy. In addition, the epidermal cells of sepal, petal and lip were arrayed in a compact and swelling appearance. As the water uptake reduced gradually, the water loss of flowers resulted in dehydration and wilting of the epidermis of sepal, petal and lip. Whereas the visible wilt symptom appeared due to the sunken cells of above parts. The sepal, petal and lip of P. callosum, P. delenatii and P. esquirolei sunk inward, thus resulting in crimple on the margin. In conclusion of this study, P. esquirolei has the highest water uptake, the longest vase life, and the latest appearance of aging symptoms.