台灣芭蕉（Musa formosana [Warb.] Hayata）與香蕉原種之遺傳親緣關係分析

Genetic Relationship between Musa formosana (Warb.) Hayata and Banana Progenitors Based on Morphological Traits and SSR Markers

台灣芭蕉[Musa formosana（Warb.）Hayata]為台灣原生野生種香蕉植物，廣泛分布於海拔1400公尺以下的山坡地。利用Simmonds（1962）所發表的二倍體野生種香蕉作物的形態資料，配合筆者調查的台灣芭蕉形態資料及SSR資料，探討台灣芭蕉與栽培種之雙原種（M. acuminata及M. balbisiana）的親緣關係，做為台灣芭蕉分類的參考。25項形態性狀中，以葉鞘光滑程度的多型性指標量（Polymorphic Index Content, PIC）最高，其次為葉片基部形狀與雄花苞苞片顏色。而Shannon's diversity index則指出大部份的遺傳歧異存在於其中的7項性狀。分別以25項形態資料及13對SSR引子對分析資料所進行的聚類分析（cluster analysis）結果均指出，台灣芭蕉與M. acuminata及M. balbisiana分別於相似係數0.57單位（形態資料）與0.14單位（SSR資料）分為兩群，推論台灣芭蕉應為不同於栽培種雙原種的另一個種。 Musa formosana (Warb.) Hayata (Musaceae) is a wild banana native to Taiwan. It is distributed from the northeastern to the west-southern mountainous areas below 1,400 m altitude in Taiwan. Genetic relationship between M. formosana and two banana progenitors, M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, was assessed using 25 morphological traits and SSR markers after PCR amplification of 13 primer pairs. Among 25 morphological traits, sheath smoothness (D) gets the highest PIC, next by shape of lamina base (G) and male bud color (W). Major diversity was revealed within 7 out of 25 when using Shannon’s index of diversity. Cluster analysis from both morphological and SSR data revealed M. formosana and two banana progenitors formed two major branches at 0.57(morphological data) and 0.14(SSR data) units of genetic similarity coefficient. It was suggested that M. formosana should be treated as a species different to M. acuminata and M. balbisiana.