草莓苗冷藏處理對植株生長和產量的影響

Influences of Runners Chilled on Plant Growth and Yield of Strawberry

為探討草莓苗經低溫處理後對植株生長和產量的影響，‘桃園一號’草莓苗以5℃處理0、2、4、6、8週定植後成活率分別為96.3、93.0、98.0、88.7及85.3%，處理6週及8週草莓苗定植後成活率顯著降低。處理4週以上草莓苗能促進定植後植株葉柄長、葉面積及植株株冠面積，且隨低溫處理週數增加而增加，呈顯著直線正相關關係。低溫處理促進葉柄長度及葉面積的效力，於定植後120天達到最高，分別為1.47 cm／week及21.28 cm2／week，並於定植後150天顯著降低。草莓苗低溫處理4週以上之初期產量顯著低於對照組。草莓苗低溫處理2、4、6、8週及對照組後期產量分別為120.5、170.0、148.2、130.7及175.7 g／plant，草莓苗低溫處理6週及8週後期果實數雖較對照組少，但可提升後期平均果重。草莓苗低溫處理2、4、6、8週總產量分別為217.5、219.0、164.6、146.4 g／plant顯著低於對照組293.1 g／plant；總平均果重各處理間與對照組均無顯著差異，草莓苗低溫處理8週可提升總合格品平均果重，本實驗推論5℃處理4週對’桃園一號’草莓為最適當的處理時間。 The objects of this experiment were to investigate the influences of chilled plantlets of Fragaria×ananassa Duch. cv. 'TY. No.1' on plant growths and fruit yields. Percentage of the survival plants grown from runners chilled for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks in 5°C cool and dark room and check that were 96.3, 93.0, 98.0, 88.7 and 85.3%, respectively. These plantlets chilled for 6 and 8 weeks resulted to significantly decrease survival rate. The plants grown from plantlets chilled for over 4 weeks could appeared much long petiole, large leaf area and canopy, these against weeks of plantlets chilled were positive linear regressions. Influences of plantlets chilled on the growth rate of petiole length and leaf area reached the largest at 120 days after planting, and were 1.47 cm/week and 21.28 cm^2/week, respectively and decreased significantly at 150 days after planting. The early harvest, yields of chilled plantlets for 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks and check were 96.9, 49.0, 16.3, 15.6 and 175.7 g/plant, respectively; yields of plantlets chilled over 4 weeks that decreased significantly. As well as the later harvest yields of these treatments were 120.5, 170.0, 148.2, 130.7 and 175.7 g/plant, respectively. Fruit numbers harvested from these plantlets chilled for 6 or 8 weeks were less than check, but average fruit weights harvested from the plantlets chilled over 4 weeks increased significantly. Total yield of these plantlets chilled for 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks and check were 217.5, 219.0, 164.6, 146.4 and 293.1 g/plant, respectively. Yields of plantlets chilled were significantly less than check; Weight of the marketable fruits of plantlets chilled for 8 weeks was significantly heavier than check. It were concluded that the plantlets chilled for 4 weeks at 5℃ resulted to the best growth and yield.