原生台灣百合及鐵炮百合形態及分子標誌變異之研究

Studies on Genetic Variability of Lilium Formosanum and L. longiflorum Mediated Morphological and Molecular Markers

台灣原生漏斗型（funnel type）百合依地理分佈分為縱向山區及海岸離島區兩族群，進行收集及保存，並利用形態特性及分子標誌進行遺傳歧異分析，以做為原生種保育及育種上利用之參考。兩地理區百合植株型態呈高度可塑性，受位點微氣候、伴生植物相、海拔高度等因子之影響。山區19個族群總平均株高為71.43公分，溫室栽培後提高為106.50公分。海岸離島區14個族群總平均株高為36.67公分，溫室栽培後提高為50.38公分。山區族群葉片長寬比值介於20.1至34.4之間，海岸離島區族群葉片長寬比值介於7.0至18.4之間，葉長寬比值1820可以做為台灣百合及鐵炮百合族群初步分類的依據，其它形態數據調查中未出現明顯關係。分子標誌分析結果，由8對微衛星體引子（18-26Base）及4個10-Base逢機引子得到86個明顯清晰可辨識的多型性片段，基因交流促成族群非均質性，平均達84.38%多型性。UPGMA叢群分析結果與葉長寬比特性相符，在遺傳距離係數0.115處可區分為低中高海拔山區百合（台灣百合）及海岸離島區域百合（鐵炮百合）兩大類。除觀霧與合歡山族群相近而被歸類到中部山區之外，其餘族群均完全對應到地理區域及位點分佈而互相歸類在一起。主成份分析結果顯示，兩種原生漏斗型百合確為兩大族群，台灣百合族群間遺傳變異小於鐵炮百合族群間之變異，前三主成份軸所解釋之變異百分比分別為36.84、16.61、9.53，合計為62.98%。 For the purposes of conservation and breeding, the 19 populations of L. formosanum distributed in northern, central and southern mountain areas and 14 populations of L. longiflorum distributed in northeastern, eastern coast and outlying islets were collected for morphological and molecular markers anlysis. It was demonstrated that the morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf size exhibits high plasticity and influenced by microclimate, companied vegetation and altitude. The average plant height of 19 mountain area populations is 71.43cm in total means, and up to 106.50cm when grown in greenhouse condition. The average plant height of 14 coast populations is 36.37cm in total means, and up to 50.38cm under greenhouse. The average leaf length/width ratio of 19 mountain area populations is between 20.134.4, and over 19 when grown in greenhouse condition. The average leaf length/width ratio of 14 coast populations is between 718.4, and below 18 under greenhouse. The ratio 1820 served as morphological indexing to discriminate L. formosanum and L. longiflorum. The results of molecular markers showed 8 microsatellite primer pairs and 4 arbitrary oligonucleotide 10-mers got 86 clear reproducible bands and 84.38% polymorphism can be observed. We can divided the populations into two groups, mountain area populations (L. formosanum) and coast-islet area populations (L. longiflorum) at the genetic distance coefficient 0.115. This cluster is consistent with the characteristic of leaf length/width ratio. Except the GW population, close to HH populations, clustered into central mountain area, the rest populations can be clustered according geographic districts and divided into two groups, mountain and coastislets populatoins. The results of Principle Coordiantes Analyses showed the diversity of L formosanum populations is smaller than L. longiflorum populations. The 62.98% of total variation was attributed to three axis 36.84%, 16.61% and 9.53%.