荷蘭矯正機關參訪及毒品政策考察紀實

The Report of Dutch Correctional Institutions and Dutch Drug Policy

自2008年起，臺灣矯正機關收容人數維持在6萬人左右，遠超出我國矯正機關核定容額之57,573人，超額收容狀況十分嚴重。自由刑雖有其一般威嚇作用，但對受刑人而言，入監服刑不僅無法改善其社會功能，更破壞其既有人際與家庭關係之連結，日後復歸社會愈趨困難。我國刑事司法體系應如何兼顧衡平正義及矯治成效，將矯正機關轉向在處遇而非懲罰，並有效利用轉向政策解決社會治安問題及監所擁擠，係當前刑事政策之重要課題。近年來，全世界的監禁人口平均增加20%，然而，荷蘭的監禁人口卻在2011年至2015年間下降27%，截至2016年9月底，荷蘭矯正機關約有10,102收容人。進一步分析，荷蘭近年的低監禁率與該國犯罪率的下降、寬鬆的毒品政策和判刑趨勢的改變有關，法官多以短刑期或社區服務代替監禁，且著重於犯罪人的復歸及治療。爰此，荷蘭刑事司法體系的分流制度與處遇措施，對於我國矯治及處遇規劃實有重要參考價值，並能作為我國未來矯正發展與革新之基石。本次考察前往荷蘭成人監獄（含性侵處遇）、少年收容機構、毒癮治療中心、TBS精神治療診所及長期隔離機構，了解荷蘭矯正機關實務運作情形以及特殊收容人之管理與處遇。 Nowadays, the incarceration population around the world has increased by 20% on average, and Taiwan is no exception. Since 2008, Taiwan has seen its incarceration population around 60,000, and the population is way much more than the capacity of the correctional system. Even though imprisonment is considered to be one of the best ways to decrease the crime rate, it also isolates prisoners from their families and society. Moreover, prisoners encounter more obstacles when leaving correctional institutions, and have difficulties standing on their own feet. Therefore, it is essential for the Taiwanese criminal justice system to find the balance between justice and corrections, and to steer the function of a correctional institution from punishment toward education and treatment. To find more effective ways to solve the problems of the high incarceration rate in Taiwan, the Agency of Corrections sent a delegation to the Netherlands, where the incarceration rate has fallen between 2011 and 2015. Such a rapid change in the Netherlands can be attributed to its low crime rate, liberal drug policy, and alternative sentences. Also, the Dutch government zeroes in on providing effective treatment programs and integration assistance for prisoners to reduce the recidivism rate. Given that the Dutch criminal justice system can offer new insights into crime prevention and corrections, the delegation visited several Dutch correctional institutions, including PI Zwolle (prison), JJI Het Keerpunt, Nijmegen TBS clinic, Zeeland LFPZ, and Terwille, to understand how it works.