中國大陸監察委員會的組織與功能

Research on the reform of China's supervisory system-Focusing on the Ombudsman System

中共十九大召開至今已經過一年，報告指出推動國家監察體制改革，組建國家監察委員會，制定監察法，依法賦予監察委員會職責許可權和調查手段，實行監察官制度等，已經逐步推動和落實。2018年3月11日，憲法修正案通過，一個新的國家級的反腐機構，監察委員會正式設立。2018年3月20日，監察法公布施行，成為監察官制度實行的法源基礎，其第14條規定，國家實行監察官制度，依法確定監察官的等級設置、任免、考評和晉升等制度。監察官即是在這一背景下出世的制度，它獨立行使監察權，並是以反腐為目的的具體執行人員。監察官雖然依法行使監察權，卻擁有極大的權力，具備十二項調查措施，甚至可以在未經過法院審理，即留置被調查人最長達六個月。本文即對監察官制度相關法律、法規的規定和學者見解進行研究，期望對這一制度有更清楚的認識。 On March 11, 2018, the Third Plenary Session of the First Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress of China voted through the Constitutional Amendment to add Section 7 of the “State Institutions? in Chapter III of the Constitution to establish its constitutional status as a state institution. This is a top-level design of the reform of the state supervision system, a major adjustment of the political system, political power and political relations, a response to the pressing need to push forward the overall strict administration of the Party in depth, a reflection of the achievements made since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in combating corruption and building a clean government, and a major implementation of the post-19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in improving the party and state supervision system. One of the key points in the reform of China's national supervision system is the establishment of the supervision committee and the implementation of the supervision commissioner system. This paper starts with the reform of China's state supervision system, then explores the path of the reform of China's national supervision system, then discusses the establishment of various levels of supervision committees, and on this basis, discusses the implementation of the ombudsman system. In addition, in view of the problems to be clarified in the current reform of the state supervision system, including the relationship between the supervisory organ and the judicial organs, the transfer of evidence by the supervisory organs, the constitutionality of the detention measures, the lawyer intervention during detention and the application of the criminal procedure law. The requirement of the rule of law is that no matter what you want to do, you must have sufficient reasons and grounds. The spirit of running the country according to law emphasizes that all the actions of the supervision organs should be administered according to law and abide by the requirements of the law.