中醫藥物歸經理論發展與現代研究

The Development and Modern Research of Channel Tropism Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

目的：歸經為發揮藥物選擇性療效的一種概念，即某一中藥對特定臟腑經絡有明顯的治療作用。本文主要探討中醫藥物歸經理論之源流、進展、應用、現代研究與未來展望。方法：本研究收集中國醫學期刊網與PubMed近十年內關於藥物歸經理論發展與現代研究相關文獻進行歸納整合。結果：歸經理論是中藥藥性組成的重要一部分，依據文獻學者多認同歸經發軔於《黃帝內經》中五味、五行與臟腑的論述，以及《神農本草經》對中藥藥性的闡述；東漢醫家張仲景創建六經辨證和臟腑辨證，對中藥歸經理論的形成有深遠影響；唐代醫家孫思邈將臟腑辨證與論治系統性整理，顯示當時的歸經理論雛形及概念；金元時期張元素正式把歸經作為藥性論述，形成一個有系統的理論體系；清代汪昂對藥物歸經作更詳細的發揮，並提出方劑歸經理論，進一步發揚藥物歸經的重要。而現代學者分析藥物活性成分、微量元素、及提出受體學說等觀點來驗證歸經理論。結論：歸經理論累積各代醫家臨床經驗發展而成，視為中醫的精準醫學，不僅是醫家臨床用方參考依據，更是中醫珍貴的文化資產。如何應用現代的科技將歸經的原理與臨床方劑應用聯結起來將中醫辨證治療更精準，這是所有中醫藥界共同努力的目標。 Objective: Channel tropism which is an important component of the property of Chinese Medicine is considered the selective therapeutic effects of a single medication on specific zang-fu organs. This article is mainly discussed about the origin, evolution, application, modern research, and future development of channel tropism theory. Method: This study was collected the literatures related the ten-year database of channel tropism development and modern research in the Chinese Medical Journal Network and PubMed. Results: According to the literatures of channel tropism, most academics approve channel tropism originated from the description of five flavors, five phases and zang-fu organs in Huangdi Neijing and the statement of the property of Chinese Medicine in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. Zhang Zhongjing in Eastern Han Dynasty created syndrome differentiation of six meridians and syndrome differentiation of zang-fu which had far-reaching influence on the formation of channel tropism. Sun Simiao systematically integrated the syndrome differentiation of zang-fu and treatments, revealing the model and concept of channel tropism in Tan Dynasty. In Jin Dynasty, Zhang Yuansu officially used channel tropism theory to describe the property of the medication in Chinese medicine. Wang Ang in Qing Dynasty fully developed the channel tropism theory and proposed channel tropism theory of Chinese medicinal formulae, enhancing the importance of channel tropism theory. Modern academics analyzed the active compound, trace element and proposed receptor theory to verify channel tropism theory. Conclusion: Channel tropism theory, as a precision medicine in Chinese medicine, developing from accumulating clinical practices of ancient physicians, is not only the reference criteria for clinical application, but also precious culture of Traditional Chinese medicine. How to use modern technology to connect channel tropism theory to clinical Chinese medicinal formulae application providing more precision medicine of the Traditional Chinese medicine is the goal of Chinese medicine profession.