以縮小模型探討建築物排氣煙控設置

Exploring the Building Exhaust Smoke Control Settings with a Reduced Model

本研究使用美國國家標準暨技術研究院（National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST）所研發出的火災動態模擬器（Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS）軟體以及本實驗室所開發出之火災整合式縮小模型實驗系統〈Fire's Integrated Reduce-model Experimental System, FIRES〉來進行火災煙控模擬。後者係將Arduino單晶片微控制器、MAX6675溫度感測模組、光敏電阻等硬體和軟體整合，並應用於縮小模型的中央控制，利用一封閉且縮小尺度的建築物來進行火災實驗，並與FDS數值模擬結果進行比較，探討梯間加壓、三明治加壓、三明治加壓加上排氣管線等三種不同阻煙策略之優劣。由研究結果顯示，不同的通風條件和排氣方式，對火場溫度及煙流流動都有不同的效果，採用三明治加壓系統再加上排氣管線對火源房間外走廊進行抽氣，相較其他策略較能有效地阻止煙流進入梯間區域，以方便人員進行逃生，為較佳的阻煙策略。 This research applies the NIST developed FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software and the self-developed Fire's Integrated Reduce-model Experimental System (FIRES) to proceed the smoke control simulation within a fire. The latter integrates many hardware (such as Arduino single-chip microcomputer, MAX6675 temperature sensing module and photo-resistance etc.) and software to implement the central control of a reduced model, which is a closed and reduced building that can be used for fire experiment. The experimental data can be compared with the FDS simulation results and three different smoke inhibition strategies such as staircase pressurization, sandwich pressurization, and sandwich pressurization with pipe were investigated. The study results indicate that different ventilation conditions and exhaust methods have various effects on fire temperature and smoke flow. Compare with other methods, using the sandwich pressurization system with a pipe to exhaust the air at the corridor outside the fire source room can effectively prevent smoke from entering the staircase area and facilitate personnel evacuation. Therefore, it can be regarded as a better smoke prevention strategy during a building fire.