跳水運動之源起與成形

A study of the origin and the development of diving

本研究採歷史研究法，研究範圍以跳水運動源起至1928年奧運會為時間斷限，蒐羅跳水運動相關文獻，藉此剖析跳水運動歷史脈絡。經考察得知，跳水運動最初由漁獵生活，轉變成軍事操練，或挑戰自我的身體活動。18世紀，因體操借用「水」的特性進行訓練，故發展出許多近代跳水動作；至19世紀時，跳水運動在歐洲吹起一股風潮，為跳水競技構築出良好基石。1904年，跳水運動雖一舉邁入奧運會殿堂，但在之後的五屆奧運會中卻衍生出場地設備與動作型態轉變等爭議事件。不過自1928年制訂受國際認同的競賽規則後，使跳水運動得以在歷屆奧運會中歷久不衰。 In this study, historical method is used to collect literature and historical documents related to diving to investigate the history of diving. The scope of the research starts from the beginning of diving to the Olympic Games in 1928. Diving started from the society in which people lived with fishing and hunting. Then, it turned into a kind of military training, or a challenge for oneself. In eighteenth century, gymnasts took advantages of being trained in the water; consequently, many modern diving motions were created. In nineteenth century, the craze for diving in Europe built a stable base for the development of diving competitions. In 1904, diving officially became one of the competitive events in Olympic Games. However, there were some issues about the facilities and venues and the changes of the diving motions in the following five Olympic Games. After the well-recognized competition rules were set up in 1928, this sport has been popular and attractive in Olympic Games ever since.