現實與文學呈現之間：華茲華斯、康德與柯爾律治作品中的疆界跨越

Between Reality and Representation: The Crossing of Boundary in Wordsworth, Kant, and Coleridge

此論文探討西方哲學史中深具影響力的人物——康德與柯爾律治——對華茲華斯的文學創作影響；德國理想主義至英國有機體論皆探討對於思想的美學呈現，美學創作旨在型塑一個「絕對」可被美學直接觸及的世界。康德認識論中的核心論點為世界的理性秩序是由以規則為本的「綜合」活動所創造，而此活動源自人心；相對地，柯爾律治認為在自然中存有「以經驗為根據」的法則，其有機整體論中存有不同片斷力量，而正是此整體與不完整的組合構成其創造哲學，此研究將嘗試揭露出華茲華斯的自然文學呈現中更複雜的交織點——整體中不完整性同時「複製」了整體性——以深入研究華茲華斯文學創作歷程中，受到西方哲學影響的同時，如何亦帶入其深藏的失落感。

This paper will explore the impact of Immanuel Kant and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, two influential figures in Western philosophy, on William Wordsworth’s writing to arrive at a finer understanding of this poet’s use of language that includes the intellectual and artistic landscape of his poetry as a function of 18th-century aesthetics. A dominant train of thought extending from German Idealism to British Organicism is concerned with the aesthetic presentation of ideas, whose function is the creation of a world in which “the absolute” can be accessed directly. Kant’s core epistemological concept is that the world’s rational order is the product of the rule-based activity of “synthesis.” While Kant believes that the world is comprehensible in light of our inner synthetic faculties, Coleridge supposes that there are “empirical laws” in nature. However, the “empirical laws” of the Dinge an Sich challenge our mind’s desire to encompass them. Within Coleridge’s organic whole, there is a dynamic play of fragmentary forces, and this ironic pattern of the fragmentary and the whole strongly influenced Wordsworth’s writing. My study will thus attempt to clarify the more perplexing problem of the nature of Wordsworth’s interaction with nature. Here the fragment “replicates” the whole on the basis of its fragmentary totality. This problematic reflexive mode of “the literary absolute” invites further exploration. My study, then, aims to provide a fuller understanding of how, in the context of aesthetic idealism, Wordsworth engages with the problem of presenting new, exciting, challenging ideas and emotions in his poetry while at the same time expressing a profound sense of loss.